Onjiniyela benethiwekhi, ngaphezulu, "bayizisebenzi zezobuchwepheshe" nje ezakha, ezithuthukisa, futhi zixazulule amanethiwekhi, kodwa empeleni, "siwumugqa wokuqala wokuvikela" ekuvikelekeni kwe-inthanethi. Umbiko we-CrowdStrike wangowezi-2024 ubonise ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwe-cybersecurity kukhuphuke ngo-30%, nezinkampani zaseShayina zilahlekelwe ngaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50 ngenxa yezinkinga ze-cybersecurity. Amaklayenti awanandaba noma uchwepheshe wezokusebenza noma wezokuphepha; lapho kwenzeka isigameko senethiwekhi, unjiniyela ungowokuqala ukuthwala icala. Ingasaphathwa eyokutholwa okusabalele kwe-AI, 5G, namanethiwekhi wamafu, okwenze izindlela zokuhlasela zabaduni zanda zaba yinkimbinkimbi. Kukhona okuthunyelwe okudumile ku-Zhihu e-China: "Onjiniyela benethiwekhi abangafundi ukuphepha bazinqamula eyabo indlela yokubaleka!" La mazwi, nakuba enokhahlo, ayiqiniso.
Kulesi sihloko, ngizohlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi evamile eyisishiyagalombili, kusukela ezimisweni zabo nasezifundweni zecala kuya kumasu okuvikela, ukukugcina kuwusizo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usanda kufika noma umakadebona ofuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho, lolu lwazi luzokunikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe kumaphrojekthi akho. Ake siqale!
No.1 DDoS Attack
I-Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) ihlasela amaseva okuqondiwe kuwo noma amanethiwekhi anamanani amakhulu ethrafikhi mbumbulu, okuwenza angafinyeleleki kubasebenzisi abasemthethweni. Amasu ajwayelekile afaka izikhukhula ze-SYN nezikhukhula ze-UDP. Ngo-2024, umbiko we-Cloudflare ubonise ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS kubalele i-40% yakho konke ukuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi.
Ngo-2022, inkundla ye-e-commerce yahlaselwa i-DDoS ngaphambi koSuku Lwabantu Abangashadile, nethrafikhi ephakeme yafinyelela ku-1Tbps, okubangele ukuthi iwebhusayithi iphahlazeke amahora amabili futhi kwaholela ekulahlekeni kwezigidigidi zama-yuan. Umngane wami wayephethe usizo oluphuthumayo futhi wacishe wahlanya ngenxa yengcindezi.
Indlela yokuvimbela?
○Ukuhlanza Ukugeleza:Sebenzisa izinsiza zokuvikela ze-CDN noma i-DDoS (njenge-Alibaba Cloud Shield) ukuze uhlunge ithrafikhi enonya.
○I-Bandwidth Redundancy:Gcina u-20% -30% womkhawulokudonsa ukuze ubhekane nokwanda okungazelelwe kwethrafikhi.
○I-alamu yokuqapha:Sebenzisa amathuluzi (afana ne-Zabbix) ukuze ugade ithrafikhi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi uxwayise nganoma yikuphi okungavamile.
○Uhlelo Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo: Sebenzisana nama-ISP ukuze ushintshe imigqa noma uvimbele imithombo yokuhlasela.
No.2 SQL Injection
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zijova ikhodi ye-SQL enonya ezinkambini zokufakwayo zewebhusayithi noma ama-URL ukuze bantshontshe imininingwane yesizindalwazi noma amasistimu omonakalo. Ngo-2023, umbiko we-OWASP wathi umjovo we-SQL usalokhu ungomunye wokuhlaselwa kwewebhu okuphezulu okuthathu.
Iwebhusayithi yebhizinisi elincane ukuya koeliphakathi iye yafakwa ebucayini umgebenga ofake isitatimende esithi "1=1", wathola kalula iphasiwedi yomlawuli, ngoba iwebhusayithi yehlulekile ukuhlunga okokufaka komsebenzisi. Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi ithimba labathuthukisi belingazange lisebenzise ukuqinisekiswa kokufaka nhlobo.
Indlela yokuvimbela?
○Umbuzo owenziwe ngepharamitha:Onjiniyela basemuva kufanele basebenzise izitatimende ezilungisiwe ukuze bagweme ukuhlanganisa ngokuqondile i-SQL.
○Umnyango we-WAF:Izinqamuleli zohlelo lwewebhu (ezifana ne-ModSecurity) zingavimba izicelo ezinonya.
○Ukuhlola Okujwayelekile:Sebenzisa amathuluzi (afana ne-SQLMap) ukuze uskene ubungozi futhi wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yolwazi ngaphambi kokuchibiyela.
○Ukulawula Ukufinyelela:Abasebenzisi besizindalwazi kufanele banikezwe kuphela amalungelo amancane okuvimbela ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kokulawula.
No.3 I-Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attack
I-Cross-site scripting (XSS) ihlasela intshontshe amakhukhi omsebenzisi, ama-ID eseshini, nezinye izikripthi ezinonya ngokuzijova emakhasini ewebhu. Ahlukaniswe ngokuhlaselwa okuvezwayo, okugciniwe, nokusekelwe ku-DOM. Ngo-2024, i-XSS yabalelwa ku-25% wakho konke ukuhlaselwa kwewebhu.
Inkundla yehlulekile ukuhlunga amazwana omsebenzisi, okuvumela izigebengu ze-inthanethi ukuthi zifake ikhodi yombhalo futhi zebe ulwazi lokungena ezinkulungwaneni zabasebenzisi. Ngizibonile izimo lapho amakhasimende eqolwa khona ama-yuan angu-CNY500,000 ngenxa yalokhu.
Indlela yokuvimbela?
○Ukuhlunga okokufaka: Okokufaka komsebenzisi kwe-Escape (okufana nombhalo wekhodi we-HTML).
○Isu le-CSP:Nika amandla izinqubomgomo zokuphepha kokuqukethwe ukuze ukhawulele imithombo yeskripthi.
○Ukuvikelwa kwesiphequluli:Setha izihloko ze-HTTP (ezifana ne-X-XSS-Protection) ukuze uvimbele imibhalo eyingozi.
○Ithuluzi lokuskena:Sebenzisa i-Burp Suite ukuze uhlole njalo ukuba sengozini kwe-XSS.
No.4 Ukuqhekezwa Kwephasiwedi
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi bathola amagama ayimfihlo omsebenzisi noma omlawuli ngokuhlaselwa kwe-brute-force, ukuhlaselwa kwesichazamazwi, noma ubunjiniyela bomphakathi. Umbiko we-Verizon wango-2023 ubonise ukuthi u-80% wokungena ku-inthanethi wawuhlobene namaphasiwedi abuthakathaka.
Irutha yenkampani, kusetshenziswa igama eliyimfihlo elizenzakalelayo elithi "admin," ingene kalula kuyo isigebengu esigxumeka isicabha sangemuva. Unjiniyela owayehililekile wabe esexoshwa, nomphathi naye wathweswa icala.
Indlela yokuvimbela?
○Amaphasiwedi Ayinkimbinkimbi:Phoqa izinhlamvu eziyi-12 noma ngaphezulu, izinhlamvu ezixubile, izinombolo, nezimpawu.
○Ukuqinisekiswa Kwezinto Eziningi:Nika amandla i-MFA (efana nekhodi yokuqinisekisa ye-SMS) ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile.
○Ukuphathwa Kwephasiwedi:Sebenzisa amathuluzi (afana ne-LastPass) ukuze uphathe phakathi nendawo futhi uwashintshe njalo.
○Umkhawulo Imizamo:Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi likhiyiwe ngemva kwemizamo emithathu ehlulekile yokungena yokuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-brute-force.
No.5 Man-in-the-middle Attack (MITM)
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ziyangenela phakathi kwabasebenzisi namaseva, zibambe noma ziphazamisa idatha. Lokhu kuvamile ku-Wi-Fi yomphakathi noma ekuxhumaneni okungabethelwe. Ngo-2024, ukuhlaselwa kwe-MITM kubalele u-20% wokuhogela kwenethiwekhi.
I-Wi-Fi yesitolo sekhofi ifakwe engozini izigebengu, okuholele ekutheni abasebenzisi balahlekelwe amashumi ezinkulungwane zamadola lapho idatha yabo ibanjwa ngenkathi bengena kuwebhusayithi yebhange. Onjiniyela kamuva bathola ukuthi i-HTTPS yayingaphoqelelwa.
Indlela yokuvimbela?
○Phoqa i-HTTPS:Iwebhusayithi kanye ne-API kubethelwe nge-TLS, futhi i-HTTP ivaliwe.
○Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesitifiketi:Sebenzisa i-HPKP noma i-CAA ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isitifiketi sithembekile.
○Ukuvikelwa kwe-VPN:Imisebenzi ebucayi kufanele isebenzise i-VPN ukubethela ithrafikhi.
○Ukuvikelwa kwe-ARP:Gada ithebula le-ARP ukuze uvimbele ukukhwabanisa kwe-ARP.
No.6 Phishing Attack
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa ama-imeyili ayinkohliso, amawebhusayithi, noma imilayezo yombhalo ukuze bakhohlise abasebenzisi ukuthi baveze ulwazi noma bachofoze izixhumanisi ezinonya. Ngo-2023, ukuhlaselwa kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kwabalelwa ku-35% wezehlakalo ze-cybersecurity.
Isisebenzi senkampani sithole i-imeyili evela kothile othi ungumphathi waso, ecela ukudluliswa imali, futhi wagcina elahlekelwe izigidi. Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi isizinda se-imeyili sasingamanga; umsebenzi ubengakayiqinisekisanga.
Indlela yokuvimbela?
○Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi:Yenza njalo ukuqeqeshwa kokuqwashisa nge-cybersecurity ukuze ufundise ukuhlonza ama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi.
○Ukuhlunga I-imeyili:Sebenzisa isango elimelene nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi (njenge-Barracuda).
○Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesizinda:Hlola isizinda somthumeli futhi unike amandla inqubomgomo ye-DMARC.
○Ukuqinisekisa Okukabili:Imisebenzi ebucayi idinga ukuqinisekiswa ngocingo noma mathupha.
No.7 Ransomware
I-Ransomware ibethela idatha yezisulu futhi ifuna isihlengo ukuze isuswe ukubethela. Umbiko we-Sophos wango-2024 uveze ukuthi amabhizinisi angama-50% emhlabeni wonke ahlaselwe yi-ransomware.
Inethiwekhi yesibhedlela yonakaliswa yi-LockBit ransomware, okwabangela ukukhubazeka kwesistimu nokumiswa kokuhlinzwa. Onjiniyela bachithe iviki bebuyisela idatha, bathole ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
Indlela yokuvimbela?
○Isipele Esivamile:Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha ebalulekile nokuhlolwa kwenqubo yokutakula.
○Ukuphathwa Kwepheshi:Buyekeza amasistimu nesofthiwe ngokushesha ukuze uxhume ubungozi.
○Ukuqapha ukuziphatha:Sebenzisa amathuluzi e-EDR (afana ne-CrowdStrike) ukuze uthole ukuziphatha okuxakile.
○Inethiwekhi Yokuzihlukanisa:Ukuhlukanisa amasistimu azwelayo ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane.
No.8 Zero-day Attack
Ukuhlaselwa kwezinsuku eziyiziro kuxhaphaza ubungozi besofthiwe obungadalulwanga, okubenza kube nzima kakhulu ukukunqanda. Ngo-2023, i-Google yabika ukutholwa kobungozi obuphezulu bezinsuku ezingama-20 obunobungozi obukhulu, iningi labo lalisetshenziselwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-supply chain.
Inkampani esebenzisa isofthiwe ye-SolarWinds ibe sengozini yokuba sengozini yosuku oluyiziro, okuthinta lonke uchungechunge lwayo lokunikezela. Onjiniyela babengakwazi ukwenza lutho futhi babengalinda isiqeshana kuphela.
Indlela yokuvimbela?
○Ukutholwa kokungenela:Sebenzisa i-IDS/IPS (efana ne-Snort) ukuze ugade ithrafikhi engavamile.
○Ukuhlaziywa kwebhokisi lesihlabathi:Sebenzisa i-sandbox ukuze uhlukanise amafayela asolisayo futhi uhlaziye ukuziphatha kwawo.
○I-Treat Intelligence:Bhalisela izinsizakalo (ezifana ne-FireEye) ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva lokuba sengozini.
○Amalungelo Amancane:Khawulela izimvume zesofthiwe ukuze unciphise indawo yokuhlasela.
Malungu enethiwekhi, yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa enihlangabezane nazo? Wazisingatha kanjani? Asixoxisane ngalokhu futhi sisebenze ndawonye ukwenza amanethiwekhi ethu aqine nakakhulu!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-05-2025
