Ezimweni zenethiwekhi zanamuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinesivinini esikhulu, futhi ezivame ukubethelwa, ukuzuza ukubonakala okuphelele kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelekeni, ukuqapha ukusebenza, nokuhambisana.Ama-Network Packet Brokers (NPBs)zishintshile zisuka kuzihlanganisi ze-TAP ezilula zaba izinkundla eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezihlakaniphile ezibalulekile ekulawuleni idatha yethrafikhi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi okuqapha nawokuvikela asebenza kahle. Nakhu ukubuka okuningiliziwe kwezimo zabo zohlelo lokusebenza nezisombululo:
Inkinga Eyinhloko I-NPBs Xazulula:
Amanethiwekhi esimanje enza umthamo omkhulu wethrafikhi. Ukuxhuma amathuluzi okuvikeleka abalulekile nokuqapha (IDS/IPS, NPM/APM, DLP, forensics) ngqo kuzixhumanisi zenethiwekhi (ngezimbobo ze-SPAN noma ama-TAP) akuphumelelanga futhi ngokuvamile akwenzeki ngenxa:
1. Ukugcwala Kwamathuluzi: Amathuluzi agcwala ithrafikhi engabalulekile, ukulahla amaphakethe kanye nezinsongo ezingekho.
2. Ukungasebenzi Kwethuluzi: Amathuluzi amosha izinsiza acubungula idatha eyimpinda noma engadingekile.
3. I-Topology Eyinkimbinkimbi: Amanethiwekhi asabalalisiwe (Izikhungo Zedatha, Ifu, Amahhovisi Egatsha) enza ukuqapha okumaphakathi kube inselele.
4. Izindawo Eziyimpumputhe Zokubethela: Amathuluzi awakwazi ukuhlola ithrafikhi ebethelwe (SSL/TLS) ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwekhodi.
5. Izinsiza ze-SPAN ezinomkhawulo: Izimbobo ze-SPAN zisebenzisa izinsiza zokushintshwa futhi ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuphatha ithrafikhi yesilinganiso somugqa esigcwele.
Isixazululo se-NPB: I-Intelligent Traffic Mediation
Ama-NPB ahlala phakathi kwama-TAP enethiwekhi/izimbobo ze-SPAN kanye namathuluzi okuqapha/okuvikela. Basebenza "njengamaphoyisa omgwaqo" ahlakaniphile, enza:
1. Ukuhlanganisa: Hlanganisa ithrafikhi kusuka kuzixhumanisi eziningi (ezibonakalayo, ezibonakalayo) zibe izifunzo ezihlanganisiwe.
2. Ukuhlunga: Ngokukhetha dlulisela ithrafikhi efanele kuphela kumathuluzi athile ngokusekelwe kumibandela (IP/MAC, VLAN, protocol, port, application).
3. Ukulinganisa Umthwalo: Sabalalisa ithrafikhi igeleza ngokulinganayo ezimweni eziningi zethuluzi elifanayo (isb., izinzwa ze-IDS ezihlanganisiwe) ukuze kube nokukaleka nokuqina.
4. Ukuphindaphinda: Susa amakhophi afanayo amaphakethe athathwe kuzixhumanisi ezingasasebenzi.
5. Ukusika Iphakethe: Nciphisa amaphakethe (ukhipha umthwalo okhokhelwayo) kuyilapho ulondoloza izihloko, unciphisa umkhawulokudonsa kumathuluzi adinga imethadatha kuphela.
6. Ukususwa Kwemfihlo kwe-SSL/TLS: Phelisa izikhathi ezibethelwe (usebenzisa okhiye), wethula ithrafikhi yombhalo ocacile kumathuluzi okuhlola, bese ubhala kabusha.
7. Ukuphindaphinda/Ukusakaza okuningi: Thumela ukusakaza okufanayo kwethrafikhi kumathuluzi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
8. Ukucutshungulwa Okuthuthukile: Ukukhishwa kwemethadatha, ukukhiqizwa kokugeleza, ukubeka isitembu sesikhathi, ukufihla idatha ebucayi (isb, i-PII).
Thola lapha ukuze wazi okwengeziwe ngale modeli:
I-Mylinking™ Network Packet Broker(NPB) ML-NPB-3440L
16*10/100/1000M RJ45, 16*1/10GE SFP+, 1*40G QSFP kanye ne-1*40G/100G QSFP28, Max 320Gbps
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezinemininingwane nezisombululo:
1. Ukuthuthukisa Ukuqapha Kokuphepha (IDS/IPS, NGFW, Threat Intel):
○ Isimo: Amathuluzi okuvikela akhungethwe ivolumu ephezulu yethrafikhi yaseMpumalanga-West esikhungweni sedatha, ukulahla amaphakethe kanye nezinsongo zomnyakazo ezishodayo. Ithrafikhi ebethelwe ifihla imithwalo ekhokhelwayo enonya.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:Ukuhlanganisa ithrafikhi kusuka kuzixhumanisi ezibalulekile ze-intra-DC.
* Faka izihlungi eziyimbudumbudu ukuze uthumele kuphela amasegimenti ethrafikhi asolisayo (isb, izimbobo ezingajwayelekile, ama-subnet athile) ku-IDS.
* Layisha ibhalansi kuqoqo lezinzwa ze-IDS.
* Yenza ukuqanjwa kwe-SSL/TLS futhi uthumele ithrafikhi yombhalo ocacile kuplathifomu ye-IDS/Threat Intel ukuze ihlolwe ngokujulile.
* Khipha ithrafikhi ezindleleni ezingafuneki.Umphumela:Izinga eliphakeme lokutholwa kosongo, ukuncishiswa okungekuhle okungamanga, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ze-IDS okuthuthukisiwe.
2. Ukuthuthukisa Ukuqapha Ukusebenza (NPM/APM):
○ Isimo: Amathuluzi Okuqapha Ukusebenza Kwenethiwekhi alwela ukuhlanganisa idatha evela kumakhulu ezixhumanisi ezihlakazekile (i-WAN, amahhovisi egatsha, ifu). Ukuthwebula iphakethe okugcwele kwe-APM kubiza kakhulu futhi kudinga umkhawulokudonsa.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:
* Hlanganisa ithrafikhi kusuka kuma-TAP/SPAN ahlakazekile ngokwendawo ungene kwendwangu ye-NPB emaphakathi.
* Hlunga ithrafikhi ukuze uthumele kuphela ukugeleza okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza (isb, i-VoIP, i-SaaS ebalulekile) kumathuluzi we-APM.
* Sebenzisa ukusika iphakethe kumathuluzi e-NPM adinga ngokuyinhloko idatha yesikhathi sokugeleza/sokwenziwe (izihloko), ehlisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komkhawulokudonsa.
* Phinda ukusakazwa kwamamethrikhi okhiye wokusebenza kuwo womabili amathuluzi e-NPM nawe-APM.Umphumela:Ukubuka kokusebenza okuphelele, okuhlotshanisiwe, izindleko zamathuluzi ezincishisiwe, phezulu komkhawulokudonsa oncishisiwe.
3. Ukubonakala Kwamafu (Esidlangalaleni/Okuyimfihlo/IHybrid):
○ Isimo: Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela kwe-TAP yomdabu kumafu omphakathi (AWS, Azure, GCP). Ubunzima bokuthwebula nokuqondisa ithrafikhi yomshini/isitsha esibonakalayo ekuvikelekeni namathuluzi okuqapha.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:
* Faka ama-NPB abonakalayo (ama-vNPB) ngaphakathi kwemvelo yamafu.
* Ama-vNPB athinta i-virtual switch switch (isb, nge-ERSPAN, i-VPC Traffic Mirroring).
* Hlunga, hlanganisa, futhi ulayishe ibhalansi yethrafikhi yamafu eMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga kanye naseNyakatho-Ningizimu.
* Thumela ngokuphephile ithrafikhi efanele ubuyele emagcekeni ama-NPB aphathekayo noma amathuluzi okuqapha asekelwe emafini.
* Hlanganisa nezinsizakalo zokubonakala kwe-cloud-native.Umphumela:Ukuma okungaguquguquki kokuvikeleka nokuqapha ukusebenza kuzo zonke izindawo eziyingxubevange, okunqoba ukulinganiselwa kokubonakala kwamafu.
4. Ukuvimbela Ukulahleka Kwedatha (DLP) & Ukuthobela:
○ Isimo: Amathuluzi e-DLP adinga ukuhlola ithrafikhi ephumayo ukuze uthole idatha ebucayi (PII, PCI) kodwa agcwele ithrafikhi yangaphakathi engabalulekile. Ukuthobelana kudinga ukuqapha ukuhamba kwedatha ethile elawulwayo.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:
* Hlunga ithrafikhi ukuze uthumele ukugeleza okuphumayo kuphela (isb, okuqondiswe ku-inthanethi noma ozakwethu abathile) enjinini ye-DLP.
* Faka isicelo sokuhlola iphakethe elijulile (DPI) ku-NPB ukuze uhlonze ukugeleza okuqukethe izinhlobo zedatha elawulwayo futhi uzibeke phambili ethuluzini le-DLP.
* Mask idatha ebucayi (isb, izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu) ngaphakathi kwamaphakethengaphambiliukuthumela kumathuluzi okuqapha angabalulekile kakhulu ekugawulweni kokuthobelana.Umphumela:Ukusebenza kwe-DLP ngokuphumelelayo, ukwehliswa kwemibono engamanga, ukuhlolwa okuqondisiwe kokuthobelana, ubumfihlo bedatha obuthuthukisiwe.
5. I-Network Forensics & Troubleshooting:
○ Isimo: Ukuhlonza inkinga yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi noma ukwephulwa komthetho kudinga ukuthwebula kwephakethe okugcwele (i-PCAP) kusuka kumaphoyinti amaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukucupha ukuthwebula ngesandla kuhamba kancane; ukugcina yonke into akwenzeki.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:
* Ama-NPB angavimba ithrafikhi ngokuqhubekayo (ngesilinganiso somugqa).
* Lungiselela izibangeli (isb, isimo sephutha elithile, ukukhuphuka kwethrafikhi, izexwayiso ezisongelayo) ku-NPB ukuze uthwebule ngokuzenzakalelayo ithrafikhi ehambisana nempahla yokuthwebula iphakethe exhunyiwe.
* Hlunga ngaphambili ithrafikhi ethunyelwe kumshini wokuthwebula ukuze ugcine kuphela lokho okudingekayo.
* Phinda ukusakaza okubalulekile kwethrafikhi kumshini wokuthwebula ngaphandle kokuthinta amathuluzi okukhiqiza.Umphumela:Isixazululo esisheshayo sesikhathi-to-resolution (MTTR) sokunqamuka/ukwephulwa, ukuthwebula okuhlosiwe okuhlosiwe, izindleko zokugcina ezincishisiwe.
Imibono Yokusetshenziswa Nezixazululo:
○Ukukala: Khetha ama-NPB anobuningi bembobo obanele kanye nokuphuma (1/10/25/40/100GbE+) ukuze uphathe ithrafikhi yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo. I-chassis ye-modular ivame ukuhlinzeka ngokulinganisa okungcono kakhulu. Ama-NPB abonakalayo akala ngokunwebeka efwini.
○Ukuqina: Sebenzisa ama-NPB angasafuneki (amapheya e-HA) nezindlela ezingasanele zamathuluzi. Qinisekisa ukuvumelanisa kwesimo ekusethweni kwe-HA. Sebenzisa ukulinganisa komthwalo we-NPB ukuze kuqine ithuluzi.
○Ukuphatha & Okuzenzakalelayo: Amakhonsoli okuphatha aphakathi abalulekile. Bheka ama-API (RESTful, NETCONF/YANG) ukuze ahlanganiswe nezinkundla ze-orchestration (Ansible, Puppet, Chef) kanye nezinhlelo ze-SIEM/SOAR ukuze uthole izinguquko zenqubomgomo eziguquguqukayo ezisekelwe kuzixwayiso.
○Ukuphepha: Vikela isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuphatha se-NPB. Lawula ukufinyelela ngokuqinile. Uma ususa ukubethela kwethrafikhi, qinisekisa izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuphatha kanye neziteshi ezivikelekile zokudlulisa ukhiye. Cabangela ukufihla idatha ebucayi.
○Ukuhlanganiswa Kwethuluzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-NPB isekela ukuxhumana kwethuluzi elidingekayo (izixhumanisi ezibonakalayo/ezibonakalayo, izivumelwano). Qinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zamathuluzi athile.
Ngakho,I-Network Packet Brokersakusezona izinto zokunethezeka ozikhethela zona; ziyingxenye yengqalasizinda ebalulekile yokuzuza ukubonakala kwenethiwekhi okusebenzisekayo esikhathini samanje. Ngokuhlanganisa ngobuhlakani, ukuhlunga, ukulinganisa ukulayisha, nokucubungula ithrafikhi, ama-NPB anika amandla amathuluzi okuphepha nawokuqapha ukuze asebenze ngempumelelo nangempumelelo. Baphula ama-silo okubonakala, banqobe izinselele zesikali nokubethela, futhi ekugcineni banikeze ukucaca okudingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe amanethiwekhi, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukuhlangabezana neziyalezo zokuthobela, nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha. Ukusebenzisa isu eliqinile le-NPB kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakheni inethiwekhi ebonakala kakhudlwana, evikelekile, futhi eqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-07-2025
