Ezindaweni zenethiwekhi zanamuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinesivinini esikhulu, futhi ezivame ukubethelwa, ukufeza ukubonakala okuphelele kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni, ukuqapha ukusebenza, kanye nokuthobela imithetho.Abathengisi Bephakethe Lenethiwekhi (ama-NPB)ziye zashintsha kusukela kuma-TAP alula aba amapulatifomu ahlakaniphile nahlakaniphile abalulekile ekuphatheni idatha yethrafikhi eningi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi okuqapha kanye nokuphepha asebenza kahle. Nasi ukubuka okuningiliziwe kwezimo zabo ezibalulekile zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezixazululo:
Inkinga Eyinhloko Ama-NPB Axazulula:
Amanethiwekhi anamuhla akhiqiza inani elikhulu lethrafikhi. Ukuxhumanisa amathuluzi okuphepha abalulekile kanye nokuqapha (i-IDS/IPS, i-NPM/APM, i-DLP, i-forensics) ngqo kuzixhumanisi zenethiwekhi (ngamachweba e-SPAN noma ama-TAP) akusebenzanga kahle futhi avame ukungabi khona ngenxa yalokhu:
1. Ukulayisha Amathuluzi Ngokweqile: Amathuluzi agcwala ithrafikhi engabalulekile, alahle amaphakethe kanye nezinsongo ezingekho.
2. Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwamathuluzi: Amathuluzi achitha izinsizakusebenza ekucubunguleni idatha ephindaphindwayo noma engadingeki.
3. I-Topology Eyinkimbinkimbi: Amanethiwekhi asakazekile (Izikhungo Zedatha, Amafu, Amahhovisi Egatsha) enza ukuqapha okuhlanganisiwe kube yinselele.
4. Izindawo Ezingaboni Zokubethela: Amathuluzi awakwazi ukuhlola ithrafikhi ebethelwe (i-SSL/TLS) ngaphandle kokususa ukubethela.
5. Izinsizakusebenza ze-SPAN ezilinganiselwe: Amachweba e-SPAN asebenzisa izinsizakusebenza zokushintsha futhi ngokuvamile awakwazi ukusingatha ithrafikhi ephelele yesilinganiso somugqa.
Isixazululo se-NPB: Ukulamula Okuhlakaniphile Kwethrafikhi
Ama-NPB ahlala phakathi kwamachweba e-TAP/SPAN enethiwekhi kanye namathuluzi okuqapha/okuphepha. Asebenza “njengamaphoyisa ethrafikhi” ahlakaniphile, enza:
1. Ukuhlanganiswa: Hlanganisa ithrafikhi evela ezixhumanisini eziningi (ezingokoqobo, ezingokoqobo) ibe yizifunzo ezihlanganisiwe.
2. Ukuhlunga: Thumela ngokukhetha ithrafikhi efanele kuphela kumathuluzi athile ngokusekelwe ezimisweni (i-IP/MAC, i-VLAN, iphrothokholi, imbobo, uhlelo lokusebenza).
3. Ukulinganisela Umthwalo: Sabalalisa ukugeleza kwethrafikhi ngokulinganayo ezimweni eziningi zethuluzi elifanayo (isb., izinzwa ze-IDS ezihlanganisiwe) ukuze kube nokukhula nokuqina.
4. Ukwehliswa: Susa amakhophi afanayo amaphakethe athathwe ezixhumanisweni ezingadingeki.
5. Ukusikwa Kwephakethe: Nciphisa amaphakethe (ukususa umthwalo okhokhelwayo) ngenkathi ulondoloza ama-header, unciphisa i-bandwidth kumathuluzi adinga i-metadata kuphela.
6. Ukususa Ukubethela kwe-SSL/TLS: Qeda izikhathi zokubethela (usebenzisa okhiye), wethule ithrafikhi yombhalo ocacile kumathuluzi okuhlola, bese uphinda ubethela.
7. Ukuphindaphinda/Ukusakaza okuningi: Thumela ukusakaza okufanayo kwethrafikhi kumathuluzi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
8. Ukucubungula Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukukhishwa kwe-metadata, ukukhiqizwa kokugeleza, ukubekwa kwe-timestamp, ukufihla idatha ebucayi (isib. i-PII).
Thola lapha ukuze wazi kabanzi ngale modeli:
Umthengisi Wephakethe Lenethiwekhi ye-Mylinking™ (NPB) ML-NPB-3440L
16*10/100/1000M RJ45, 16*1/10GE SFP+, 1*40G QSFP kanye ne-1*40G/100G QSFP28, Ubukhulu obuphezulu be-320Gbps
Izimo Nezixazululo Eziningiliziwe Zokusebenza:
1. Ukuthuthukisa Ukuqapha Ukuphepha (IDS/IPS, NGFW, Threat Intel):
○ Isimo: Amathuluzi okuphepha agcwele inani elikhulu lethrafikhi esuka eMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga esikhungweni sedatha, ehlisa amaphakethe kanye nezinsongo zokuhamba eceleni ezilahlekile. Ithrafikhi efihliwe ifihla imithwalo eyingozi.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:Hlanganisa ithrafikhi evela ezixhumanisini ezibalulekile zangaphakathi kwe-DC.
* Sebenzisa izihlungi ze-granular ukuze uthumele izingxenye zethrafikhi ezisolisayo kuphela (isb., ama-port angewona ajwayelekile, ama-subnet athile) ku-IDS.
* Layisha ibhalansi phakathi kweqoqo lezinzwa ze-IDS.
* Yenza ukubethela kwe-SSL/TLS bese uthumela ithrafikhi yombhalo ocacile kupulatifomu ye-IDS/Threat Intel ukuze ihlolwe ngokujulile.
* Susa ithrafikhi ezindleleni eziphindaphindayo.Umphumela:Izinga eliphezulu lokutholakala kwezinsongo, ukwehla kwemiphumela emibi engamanga, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ze-IDS okuthuthukisiwe.
2. Ukuthuthukisa Ukuqapha Ukusebenza (i-NPM/APM):
○ Isimo: Amathuluzi Okuqapha Ukusebenza Kwenethiwekhi ayahluleka ukuhlanganisa idatha evela kumakhulu ezixhumanisi ezihlakazekile (i-WAN, amahhovisi egatsha, ifu). Ukuthwebula iphakethe eligcwele le-APM kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kudinga i-bandwidth eningi.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:
* Hlanganisa ithrafikhi evela kuma-TAP/SPAN ahlakazeke ngokwendawo uye endwangu ye-NPB ephakathi.
* Hlunga ithrafikhi ukuze uthumele ukugeleza okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza kuphela (isb., i-VoIP, i-SaaS ebalulekile) kumathuluzi e-APM.
* Sebenzisa ukunqunywa kwephakethe kumathuluzi e-NPM adinga kakhulu idatha yesikhathi sokugeleza/sokuthengiselana (ama-header), okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-bandwidth.
* Phindaphinda ukugeleza kwezilinganiso zokusebenza okubalulekile kokubili kumathuluzi e-NPM kanye ne-APM.Umphumela:Umbono ophelele, ohlobene nokusebenza, izindleko zamathuluzi ezincishisiwe, izindleko zomkhawulokudonsa ezincishisiwe.
3. Ukubonakala Kwamafu (Okomphakathi/Okwangasese/Okuhlanganisiwe):
○ Isimo: Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela kwe-TAP kwasendaweni emafwini omphakathi (i-AWS, i-Azure, i-GCP). Ubunzima bokubamba nokuqondisa ithrafikhi yomshini/isitsha esibonakalayo kumathuluzi okuphepha nawokuqapha.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:
* Sebenzisa ama-NPB abonakalayo (ama-vNPB) ngaphakathi kwendawo yamafu.
* Ama-vNPB athinta ithrafikhi yokushintsha okubonakalayo (isb., nge-ERSPAN, i-VPC Traffic Mirroring).
* Hlunga, uhlanganise, futhi ulayishe ibhalansi yethrafikhi yamafu e-East-West kanye ne-North-South.
* Vala ithrafikhi efanele ngokuphephile ibuyele kuma-NPB angokoqobo noma amathuluzi okuqapha asekelwe efwini.
* Hlanganisa nezinsizakalo zokubonakala ze-cloud-native.Umphumela:Ukuma kokuphepha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqapha ukusebenza kuzo zonke izindawo ezihlanganisiwe, kunqotshwe imikhawulo yokubonakala kwamafu.
4. Ukuvimbela Ukulahleka Kwedatha (i-DLP) kanye Nokuthobela Imithetho:
○ Isimo: Amathuluzi e-DLP adinga ukuhlola ithrafikhi ephumayo ukuthola idatha ebucayi (i-PII, i-PCI) kodwa agcwele ithrafikhi yangaphakathi engafanele. Ukuthobela imithetho kudinga ukuqapha ukugeleza kwedatha ethile elawulwayo.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:
* Hlunga ithrafikhi ukuze uthumele ukugeleza okuphumayo kuphela (isb., okuqondiswe ku-inthanethi noma kubalingani abathile) enjinini ye-DLP.
* Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwephakethe elijulile (i-DPI) ku-NPB ukuze uthole ukugeleza okuqukethe izinhlobo zedatha ezilawulwayo bese uzibeka phambili njengethuluzi le-DLP.
* Vala idatha ebucayi (isb., izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu) ngaphakathi kwamaphakethengaphambiukuthumela kumathuluzi okuqapha angabalulekile kangako ukuze kulondolozwe ukuthobela imithetho.Umphumela:Ukusebenza kwe-DLP okuphumelelayo kakhudlwana, ukwehla kwezinga elingalungile, ukuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho okulula, ubumfihlo bedatha obuthuthukisiwe.
5. Ukuhlolwa Kwezinsolo Zenethiwekhi Nokuxazulula Izinkinga:
○ Isimo: Ukuxilonga inkinga yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi noma ukwephulwa kudinga ukubanjwa kwephakethe eligcwele (i-PCAP) kusuka kumaphuzu amaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqalisa ukubanjwa ngesandla kuhamba kancane; ukugcina konke akunakwenzeka.
○ Isixazululo se-NPB:
* Ama-NPB angavimba ithrafikhi ngokuqhubekayo (ngesilinganiso somugqa).
* Lungiselela iziqalisi (isb., isimo sephutha elithile, ukwanda kwethrafikhi, isexwayiso sosongo) ku-NPB ukuze uthwebule ngokuzenzakalelayo ithrafikhi efanele kumshini wokufaka iphakethe oxhunyiwe.
* Hlunga kusengaphambili ithrafikhi ethunyelwe kumshini wokubamba ukuze kugcinwe kuphela lokho okudingekayo.
* Phinda umzila wethrafikhi ebalulekile kumshini wokubamba ngaphandle kokuthinta amathuluzi okukhiqiza.Umphumela:Isixazululo esisheshayo sesikhathi esimaphakathi (MTTR) sokungasebenzi/ukwephulwa kwemithetho, ukubanjwa kwemininingwane okuqondiwe, izindleko zokugcina ezincishisiwe.
Izinto Okucatshangelwayo Nokuxazululwa Kokusetshenziswa:
○Ukukhuliswa: Khetha ama-NPB anobuningi be-port kanye ne-throughput eyanele (1/10/25/40/100GbE+) ukuze uphathe ithrafikhi yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo. I-chassis ye-Modular ivame ukunikeza ukukhuliswa okungcono kakhulu. Ama-NPB abonakalayo akhula ngokunwebeka efwini.
○Ukuqina: Sebenzisa ama-NPB angadingeki (ama-HA pairs) kanye nezindlela ezingadingekile eziya kumathuluzi. Qinisekisa ukuvumelanisa isimo ekusethweni kwe-HA. Sebenzisa ukulinganisela umthwalo we-NPB ukuze uqinise amathuluzi.
○Ukuphatha Nokuzenzakalela: Ama-console okuphatha ahlanganisiwe abalulekile. Funa ama-API (RESTful, NETCONF/YANG) ukuze ahlanganiswe namapulatifomu okuhlanganisa (Ansible, Puppet, Chef) kanye nezinhlelo ze-SIEM/SOAR ukuze uthole izinguquko zenqubomgomo ezishintshashintshayo ngokusekelwe kuzixwayiso.
○Ukuphepha: Vikela isikhombikubona sokuphatha se-NPB. Lawula ukufinyelela ngokuqinile. Uma ususa ukubethela kwethrafikhi, qinisekisa izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuphatha ukhiye kanye neziteshi ezivikelekile zokudluliselwa kokhiye. Cabangela ukufihla idatha ebucayi.
○Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamathuluzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-NPB isekela ukuxhumana kwamathuluzi okudingekayo (izixhumi ezibonakalayo/ezibonakalayo, amaphrothokholi). Qinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo ezithile zamathuluzi.
Ngakho-ke,Abathengisi Bephakethe LenethiwekhiAkusezona izinto zokunethezeka ongazikhetha; ziyizingxenye eziyisisekelo zengqalasizinda zokufeza ukubonakala kwenethiwekhi okusebenzayo enkathini yanamuhla. Ngokuhlanganisa ngokuhlakanipha, ukuhlunga, ukulinganisa umthwalo, kanye nokucubungula ithrafikhi, ama-NPB anika amandla amathuluzi okuphepha nawokuqapha ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo. Ahlukanisa ama-silo okubonakala, anqobe izinselele zesikali kanye nokubethela, futhi ekugcineni anikeze ukucaca okudingekayo ukuvikela amanethiwekhi, aqinisekise ukusebenza kahle, ahlangabezane nemiyalelo yokuthobela imithetho, futhi axazulule izinkinga ngokushesha. Ukusebenzisa isu eliqinile le-NPB kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakheni inethiwekhi ebonakala kakhulu, ephephile, futhi eqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-07-2025
