Ithuluzi elivame kakhulu lokuqapha inethiwekhi kanye nokuxazulula inkinga namuhla iSwitch Port Analyzer (SPAN), eyaziwa nangokuthi izibuko zePort. Kusivumela ukuthi siqaphe ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi edlula kwimodi ye-band ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinsiza kunethiwekhi ebukhoma, futhi ithumele ikhophi lethrafikhi ebhekwe kumadivayisi wasekhaya noma okukude, kufaka phakathi ezinye izinhlobo zamathuluzi wokuhlaziywa kwenethiwekhi.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile yile:
• Izinkinga zenethiwekhi ezinxazulula izinkinga ngokulandela umkhondo wokulawula / ozimele wedatha;
• Hlaziya i-latency ne-jitter ngokuqapha amaphakethe e-VoIP;
• Hlaziya i-latency ngokubheka ukusebenzisana kwenethiwekhi;
• Thola izinambuzane ngokubheka ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi.
Ithrafikhi ye-Span ingaba khona okubunjiwe kwamanye amachweba kudivayisi yomthombo ofanayo, noma isibuko kude namanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi asondelene nesendlalelo 2 sedivayisi yomthombo (RSPAN).
Namuhla sizokhuluma nge-Intanethi ekungakuboni kweTraffic Caineling Technology ebizwa nge-Erspan (Accopped Remock Remock Port Analyzer) engadluliselwa ngaphesheya kwezingqimba ezintathu ze-IP. Lokhu ukunwetshwa kwe-span kuya kokukude okude.
Izimiso Zokusebenza Eziyisisekelo ze-Erspan
Okokuqala, ake sibheke izici zika-Erspan:
• Ikhophi yephakethe elivela echwebeni lomthombo lithunyelwa kwiseva yokuya lapho uya khona ngokufaka i-generic Rounting Eavapsenction (GRE). Indawo ebonakalayo yeseva ayikhawulelwe.
• ngosizo lwensimu echaziwe yomsebenzisi (i-UDF) ye-Chip, noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwamabhayithi angu-1 kuye kwangama-126 kwenziwa ngokususelwa kuhlu olusezingeni lesezingeni lesazi, kanye namagama angukhiye weseshini ahambisana nokuthola ukubonwa kweseshini, njengeseshini ye-rdp ezintathu kanye ne-RDMA;
• Sekela ukusetha inani lesampula;
• Usekela ubude bokuhlukaniswa kwePacket (Iphakethe Slicing), ukunciphisa ingcindezi kwiseva eqondiwe.
Ngalezi zici, ungabona ukuthi kungani i-Erspan iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqapha amanethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zedatha namuhla.
Imisebenzi esemqoka ka-Erspan ingafushaniswa ngezinto ezimbili:
• Ukubonakala Kweseshini: Sebenzisa i-Erspan ukuqoqa yonke i-TCP entsha ye-TCP ne-Direct Memory Finyelela (i-RDMA) yeseva ye-Back-end for show;
• Ukuxazulula izinkinga zenethiwekhi: Ithwebula ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ukuze ihlaziywe iphutha lapho kwenzeka inkinga yenethiwekhi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, idivaysi yenethiwekhi yomthombo idinga ukuhlunga ithrafikhi yentshisekelo kumsebenzisi kusuka ekusakazweni kwedatha enkulu, yenza ikhophi, futhi ivumela ikhophi ngalinye ngohlaka olunye ulwazi olwengeziwe ukuze luhambisane kahle nedivayisi eyamukelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, vumela insiza yokuthola ukuze ikhiphe futhi ibuyise ngokuphelele ithrafikhi yasekuqaleni.
Idivayisi eyamukelayo ingaba enye iseva esekela ukumiswa kwamaphakethe we-Erspan ukumiswa.
Uhlobo lwe-Erspan uhlobo lokuhlaziywa kwefomethi
Amaphakethe we-Erspan ahlanganiswe asebenzisa i-GRE bese edluliselwa kunoma iyiphi indawo esheshayo ye-IP eyakheka ngaphezulu kwe-Ethernet. I-Erspan okwamanje isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumanethiwekhi we-IPv4, futhi ukwesekwa kwe-IPV6 kuzoba yisidingo ngokuzayo.
Ngokwesakhiwo esijwayelekile se-ESERSAption ye-Ersapn, okulandelayo kungukuthwebula iphakethe lesibuko lamaphakethe we-ICMP:
Iphrothokholi ye-Erspan ithuthukise isikhathi eside, futhi ngokuthuthuka kwamakhono ayo, kuye kwasungulwa izinhlobo eziningi, ezibizwa nge- "Erspan izinhlobo". Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinefomethi yenhlokweni ehlukile.
Kuchazwa kwinkambu yenguqulo yokuqala ye-Erspan Header:
Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu yohlobo lwe-Protocol ku-GRE Header ibuye ikhombisa uhlobo lwangaphakathi lwe-Erspan. I-Protocol Type field 0x88BE ikhombisa uhlobo lwe-Erspan II, kanti u-0x22EB ukhombisa uhlobo lwe-Esterpan III.
1. Thayipha i
Uhlaka lwe-Erspan lohlobo ngifaka i-IP ne-GRE ngqo phezu kwekhanda lohlaka lwesibuko sokuqala. Leli nzalo lingeza ama-byte angama-38 ngaphezulu kohlaka lwangempela: 14 (Mac) + 20 (IP) + 4 (GRE). Inzuzo yale fomethi ukuthi inosayizi wekhanda elihlanganisiwe futhi inciphisa izindleko zokudlulisela. Kodwa-ke, ngoba isetha amafulegi we-GRE kanye ne-Version ku-0, ayiphathi noma yimikhakhazelo olwengeziwe futhi asetshenziswe kabanzi, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwandisa okuningi.
Ifomethi yekhanda le-GRE yohlobo yimi ngalendlela elandelayo:
2. Uhlobo II
Ngohlobo II, i-C, R, K, S, i-Recur, amafulegi, nezinkundla zenguqulo esihlokweni se-GRE zonke 0 ngaphandle kwensimu. Ngakho-ke, inkambu yenombolo yokulandelana iyakhonjiswa esihlokweni se-GRE sohlobo II. Okungukuthi, uhlobo i-II lungaqinisekisa ukuhlelwa kwamaphakethe we-GRE, ukuze inani elikhulu lamaphakethe we-GRE angaphandle angenakuhlelwa ngenxa yephutha lenethiwekhi.
Ifomethi yekhanda le-GRE yohlobo lwe-II imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifomethi yohlobo lwe-Erspan uhlobo lwe-Erspan inezela unhlokweni we-8-Byte Erspan phakathi kwekhanda le-GRE kanye nohlaka lwangempela oluyisibuko.
Ifomethi ye-Erspan Header yohlobo II imi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Ekugcineni, ngokushesha kulandela ifreyimu yasekuqaleni yesithombe, kuyikhodi ejwayelekile ye-4-byte ethernet cyclic redundancy redundancy (CRC).
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ekuqalisweni, ifreyimu yesibuko ayiqukethe insimu ye-FCS yohlaka lwangempela, esikhundleni salokho inani elisha le-CRC liyakhiwa kabusha ngokususelwa kwi-Erspan yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idivaysi eyamukelayo ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwe-CRC yohlaka lwangempela, futhi singacabanga ukuthi ozimele kuphela abangaphazamiseki babunjiwe.
3. Thind III
Uhlobo lwe-III lwethula unhlokweni we-comporistite omkhulu futhi oguquguqukayo ukubhekana nezimo zokuqapha zenethiwekhi ezijwayelekile futhi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi, ukutholwa kokungenela, ukusebenza nokubambezeleka, nokuningi. Lezi zigcawu zidinga ukwazi yonke imingcele yokuqala yohlaka lwesibuko futhi ifake nalezo ezingekho kuzimele zoqobo uqobo.
Uhlobo lwe-Erspan Uhlobo lwe-III Hency lufaka inhloko eyi-12-byte ne-8-Byte Platform-St Platform-STAPTICT.
Ifomethi yeheda lase-Erspan yohlobo lwe-III imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
Futhi, ngemuva kohlaka lwesibuko sokuqala luyi-4-Byte CRC.
Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kwifomethi yekhanda yohlobo lwe-III, ngaphezu kokugcina amasimu we-VLAN, ama-COS, ama-ID kanye ne-TEP kanye nezindawo eziningi ezikhethekile, ezifana:
• I-BSO: Isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ubuqotho bemithwalo yamafreyimu wedatha athwalwa nge-Erspan. 00 uhlelo oluhle, i-11 luhlaka olubi, 01 luhlaka olufushane, 11 luhlaka olukhulu;
• I-Timestamp: Kuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwewashi le-Hardware elivumelaniswe nesikhathi sohlelo. Le nkambu ye-32-bit isekela okungenani ama-microseconds ayi-100 we-timestamp granurarity;
• Uhlobo lwefreyimu (p) nohlobo lwefreyimu (ft)
• I-ID ye-HW: Isikhombi esiyingqayizivele senjini ye-Erspan ngaphakathi kohlelo;
• GRA (Timestamp Granurarity): Icacisa ubuncane besikhathi sesikhathi. Isibonelo, i-00b imele i-100 Microsond Granurarity, 01B 100 Nanosecond Granularity, 10b IEEE 1588 Granularity, futhi i-11b idinga amaheda athile akhethekile weplatifomu ukuze afezeke ama-granurity aphezulu.
• I-Platf Id vs. I-ID Yolwazi Olukhethekile lwePlatf
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi amasimu aphezulu wezinhloko asekelwe ngenhla angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezijwayelekile ze-Erspan, ngisho nezimpawu zephutha leziphutha noma amafreyimu we-BPDU, ngenkathi egcina i-trunk packary yasekuqaleni ye-vlan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imininingwane yesikhathi esisemqoka neminye imikhakha yolwazi ingangezwa kufreyimu ngayinye ye-erspan ngesikhathi sezibuko.
Ngezihloko zesici sakwa-Erspan, singakwazi ukufeza ukuhlaziywa okucwengile okwengeziwe kwethrafikhi yenethiwekhi, bese umane nje ukhwebe i-ACL ehambisanayo kwinqubo ye-Erspan ukufanisa ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi esithandayo.
I-Erspan itments I-RDMA SESI SENION EVA
Ake sithathe isibonelo sokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Erspan ukufezekisa ngeseshini ye-RDMA ku-RDMA Scenario:
I-RDMAUkufinyelela kwememori okuqondile okukude kwenza i-adaptha yenethiwekhi ye-Server A ukufunda nokubhala inkumbulo yeseva B ngokusebenzisa amakhadi we-Intelligent wenethiwekhi (i-Inics) kanye nokushintsha, nokusetshenziswa komthombo ophansi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kwidatha enkulu kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokusatshalaliswa kwezimo zokugcina.
Rocev2: I-RDMA ngaphezulu kwe-Ethernet Version 2. Idatha ye-RDMA ifakwe enhlokweni ye-UDP. Inombolo yePort yokuya ngu-4791.
Ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kanye nokugcinwa kwe-RDMA kudinga ukuqoqa idatha eningi, okusetshenziselwa ukuqoqa imigqa yezimboni zamanzi nsuku zonke kanye nama-alamu angajwayelekile, kanye nesisekelo sokuthola izinkinga ezingejwayelekile. Kuhlanganiswe ne-Erspan, idatha enkulu ingathunjwa ngokushesha ukuthola idatha yekhwalithi yekhwalithi kanye nesimo sokusebenzisana sephrothokholi ye-chip. Ngezibalo zedatha kanye nokuhlaziywa, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-RDMA kuze kube sekupheleni komhlaba kanye nokubikezela kungatholwa.
Ukufinyelela i-RDAM Session Vitshu le-Vializalization, sidinga i-Erspan ukufanisa amagama angukhiye we-RDMA Ukusebenzelana Kwezikhathi lapho kuthola ithrafikhi, futhi sidinga ukusebenzisa uhlu olunwetshiwe.
Incazelo ye-Extsal-Level Extended Matiofing Field:
I-UDF iqukethe izinkambu ezinhlanu: igama elingukhiye le-UDF, insimu eyisisekelo, inkambu ye-offset, inkambu yenani, nenkambu yemaski. Inqunyelwe amandla okufakwa kwe-Hardware, ingasetshenziswa ama-UDF ayisishiyagalombili. I-UDF eyodwa ingafanisa ama-byte amabili.
• Igama elingukhiye le-UDF: Udf1 ... UDF8 uqukethe amagama ayisishiyagalombili angukhiye wesizinda esihambelana ne-UDF
• Inkambu eyisisekelo: Khomba isikhundla sokuqala sensimu efanayo ye-UDF. Okulandelayo
L4_header (kusebenza ku-rg-s6520-64cq)
I-L5_header (ye-RG-S6510-48VS8CQ)
• Offset: Kubonisa i-offset esekwe enkampanini eyisisekelo. Inani lisuka ku-0 liye ku-126
• Inkambu yenani: Inani elifanayo. Ingasetshenziswa kanye nensimu yeMask ukumisa inani elithile okufanele lifaniswe. I-Bit evumelekile ngamabhayithi amabili
• Inkambu yemaski
(Faka: Uma okufakiwe okuningi kusetshenziswa enkampanini efanayo ye-UDF Matching, izisekelo ze-Offset kumele zifane.)
Amaphakethe womabili asemqoka ahambisana nesimo seseshini se-RDMA aregion Isaziso Packet (CNP) kanye nokuvuma okubi (NAK):
Okwedlule kukhiqizwa isamukeli se-RDMA ngemuva kokuthola umlayezo we-ECN okuthunyelwe yi-switch (lapho i-auffer ye-eout ifinyelela umkhawulo), okuqukethe imininingwane mayelana nokugeleza noma i-QP ebangela ukugcwala noma ukugeleza. Lesi sakamuva sisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukudluliswa kwe-RDMA kunomyalezo wokuphendula wepakethe wepakethe.
Ake sibheke ukuthi ungafanisa kanjani le milayezo emibili usebenzisa uhlu olunwetshiwe lwesazi:
Uhlu olufinyelelekile lwesazi olunwetshiwe lwe-RDMA
Ivumela udp noma iyiphi i-EQ 4791Udf 1 l4_header 8 0x8100 0xff00(Ukumadanisa i-RG-S6520-64CQ)
Ivumela udp noma iyiphi i-EQ 4791Udf 1 l5_header 0 0x8100 0xff00(Ukumadanisa i-RG-S6510-48VS8CQ)
Uhlu olufinyelelekile lwesazi olunwetshiwe lwe-RDMA
Ivumela udp noma iyiphi i-EQ 4791UDF 1 l4_heads 8 0x1100 0xff00 Udf 2 l4_heads 20 0x6000 0xff00(Ukumadanisa i-RG-S6520-64CQ)
Ivumela udp noma iyiphi i-EQ 4791UDF 1 L5_header 0 0x1100 0xff00 Udf 2 l5_header 12 0x6000 0xff00(Ukumadanisa i-RG-S6510-48VS8CQ)
Njengesinyathelo sokugcina, ungabona ngeso lengqondo iseshini ye-RDMA ngokubeka uhlu lokunwetshwa kochwepheshe kwinqubo efanele ye-Esterpan.
Bhala ekugcineni
I-Erspan ingelinye lamathuluzi asemqoka kumanethiwekhi anamuhla akhulayo wedatha, amathrafikhi andayo andayo, kanye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe kanye nezidingo zokulungisa.
Ngokwezinga elikhulayo ye-O & M automation, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Netconf, restconf, futhi ig grpc iyathandwa phakathi kwabafundi be-O & M kunethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo O & M. Usebenzisa i-GRPC njenge-protocol eyisisekelo yokuthumela i-Back Mirror Traffic futhi inezinzuzo eziningi. Isibonelo, ngokususelwa ku-HTTP / 2 Protocol, ingasekela indlela yokusakaza yokusakaza ngaphansi kokuxhumeka okufanayo. Ngokufaka ikhodi ye-protbaf, usayizi wolwazi uncishiswa ngesigamu uma uqhathaniswa nefomethi ye-JSON, okwenza ukudluliswa kwedatha ngokushesha futhi kusebenze kakhulu. Cabanga nje, uma usebenzisa i-Erspan ukubuthelwa imifudlana enentshisekelo bese uyithumela kuseva yokuhlaziya ku-GRPC, ingabe izothuthukisa kakhulu ikhono nokulungiswa kwenethiwekhi okuzenzakalelayo?
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-10-2022
