Cabanga uvula i-imeyili ebonakala ijwayelekile, bese ngesikhathi esilandelayo, i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange ayinalutho. Noma uphequlula iwebhu uma isikrini sakho sikhiya futhi kuvela umlayezo wesihlengo. Lezi zigcawu akuwona amamuvi ezinganekwane zesayensi, kodwa izibonelo zangempela zokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi. Kule nkathi ye-Intanethi yazo zonke izinto, i-Intanethi ayiyona nje ibhuloho elilula, kodwa futhi iyindawo yokuzingela yabaduni. Kusukela kubumfihlo bomuntu siqu kuya ezimfihlweni zezinkampani kuya ekuvikelekeni kwezwe, Ukuhlasela Kwe-inthanethi kukhona yonke indawo, futhi amandla abo obuqili nawokubhubhisa ayabanda. Ikuphi ukuhlasela okusisongelayo? Zisebenza kanjani, futhi yini okufanele zenziwe ngakho? Ake sibheke ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuyisishiyagalombili okuvame kakhulu, kukuyisa emhlabeni ojwayelekile nongajwayelekile.

Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha

1. Yini i-Malware? Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luwuhlelo olunonya oluklanyelwe ukulimaza, ukuntshontsha, noma ukulawula isistimu yomsebenzisi. Ingena ngokunyenya kumadivayisi omsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa imizila ebonakala ingenacala njengokunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili, ukubuyekezwa kwesofthiwe efihliwe, noma ukulandwa kwewebhusayithi okungekho emthethweni. Uma isiqalile ukusebenza, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungantshontsha ulwazi olubucayi, lubethele idatha, lususe amafayela, noma luguqule idivayisi ibe "upopayi" womhlaseli.

2. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha
Igciwane:Kunamathiselwe ezinhlelweni ezisemthethweni, ngemva kokuqalisa, ukuziphindaphinda, ukutheleleka kwamanye amafayela, okuholela ekulimaleni kokusebenza kwesistimu noma ukulahleka kwedatha.
Isibungu:Ingakwazi ukusabalalisa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kohlelo lokusingatha. Kuvamile ukuthi uzisakaze ngokwakho ngobungozi benethiwekhi futhi udle izinsiza zenethiwekhi. I-Trojan: Ukuzenza isofthiwe esemthethweni ukuze unxenxe abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake i-backdoor engalawula ukude amadivayisi noma intshontshe idatha.
I-Spyware:Ukuqapha ngasese ukuziphatha komsebenzisi, ukurekhoda izinkinobho noma umlando wokuphequlula, ngokuvamile okusetshenziselwa ukweba amaphasiwedi nolwazi lwe-akhawunti yasebhange.
I-Ransomware:ukukhiya idivayisi noma idatha ebethelwe ukuze isihlengo siyivule bekuvame kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.

3. Ukusatshalaliswa kanye Nokulimaza Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kuvame ukusabalala ngemidiya ephathekayo njengama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, i-Malvertising, noma okhiye be-USB. Umonakalo ungabandakanya ukuvuza kwedatha, ukwehluleka kwesistimu, ukulahlekelwa yimali, ngisho nokulahlekelwa isithunzi senkampani. Isibonelo, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lwango-2020 lwe-Emotet lube yiphupho elibi kwezokuphepha kwebhizinisi ngokuthelela izigidi zamadivayisi emhlabeni wonke ngemibhalo Yehhovisi efihliwe.

4. Amasu okuvimbela
• Faka futhi ubuyekeze njalo isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane ukuze uskene amafayela asolisayo.
• Gwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezingaziwa noma ukulanda isofthiwe emithonjeni engaziwa.
• Gcina ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha ebalulekile njalo ukuze uvimbele ukulahlekelwa okungenakuhlehliswa okubangelwa i-ransomware.
• Nika amandla ama-firewall ukukhawulela ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi okungagunyaziwe.

I-Ransomware

1. Isebenza kanjani i-Ransomware I-Ransomware iwuhlobo olukhethekile lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oluvala ngokuqondile idivayisi yomsebenzisi noma ibethele idatha ebalulekile (isb., amadokhumenti, imininingwane egciniwe, ikhodi yomthombo) ukuze isisulu singakwazi ukufinyelela kuyo. Abahlaseli ngokuvamile bafuna inkokhelo ngama-cryptocurrencies okunzima ukuwalandela njenge-bitcoin, futhi basongela ngokuyicekela phansi unomphela idatha uma inkokhelo ingenziwa.

2. Amacala Ajwayelekile
Ukuhlasela kwepayipi lamakoloni ngo-2021 kwashaqisa umhlaba. I-DarkSide ransomware ibethele uhlelo lokulawula lwepayipi elikhulu likaphethiloli ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States, okudale ukuthi kuphazamiseke ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli futhi abahlaseli bafuna isihlengo sezigidi ezingu-4.4 zamaRandi. Lesi sigameko sadalula ubungozi bengqalasizinda ebalulekile ku-ransomware.

3. Kungani i-ransomware ibulala kangaka?
Ukucasha okuphezulu: I-Ransomware ivamise ukusabalala ngobunjiniyela bezenhlalo (isb, ukuzenza njengama-imeyili asemthethweni), okwenza kube nzima kubasebenzisi ukuyibona.
Ukusabalalisa okusheshayo: Ngokuxhaphaza ubungozi benethiwekhi, i-ransomware ingathelela ngokushesha amadivayisi amaningi ngaphakathi kwebhizinisi.
Ukuthola kabusha okunzima: Ngaphandle kwesipele esivumelekile, ukukhokha isihlengo kungase kube ukuphela kwenketho, kodwa kungase kungenzeki ukubuyisela idatha ngemva kokukhokha isihlengo.

4. Izinyathelo Zokuzivikela
• Gcina idatha njalo ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi idatha ebalulekile ingabuyiselwa ngokushesha.
• Uhlelo Lokuthola Nokusabela Kwephoyinti Lokugcina (EDR) lwasetshenziswa ukuze kuqashwe ukuziphatha okungavamile ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Qeqesha abasebenzi ukuthi bakhombe ama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ukuze bangabi amagciwane okuhlasela.
• Ipheshi yesistimu kanye nokuba sengozini kwesofthiwe ngesikhathi ukuze kwehliswe ingcuphe yokungena.

Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi

1. Isimo Sobugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi
Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kuwuhlobo lokuhlasela konjiniyela bezenhlalo lapho umhlaseli, ozenza ibhizinisi elithenjwayo (njengebhange, inkundla ye-e-commerce, noma ozakwethu), eyenga isisulu ukuthi sidalule ulwazi olubucayi (njengamaphasiwedi, izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu) noma chofoza isixhumanisi esinonya nge-imeyili, umlayezo wombhalo, noma umlayezo osheshayo.

2. Amafomu Ajwayelekile
• Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nge-imeyili: Ama-imeyili asemthethweni mbumbulu ukuze ayenge abasebenzisi ukuthi bangene kumawebhusayithi mbumbulu futhi bafake imininingwane yabo.
I-Spear Phishing: Ukuhlasela okuklanyelwe okuqondiswe kumuntu othile noma iqembu elinezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo.
• I-Smishing: Ukuthumela izaziso zomgunyathi ngemilayezo yombhalo ukuheha abasebenzisi ukuthi bachofoze izixhumanisi ezinonya.
• Vishing: ukuzenza igunya ngocingo ukuze uthole ulwazi olubucayi.

3. Izingozi Nemiphumela
Ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ishibhile futhi kulula ukukusebenzisa, kodwa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ngo-2022, ukulahlekelwa kwezimali emhlabeni jikelele ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kwafinyelela izigidigidi zamadola, okubandakanya ama-akhawunti omuntu siqu antshontshiwe, ukwephulwa kwedatha yebhizinisi, nokuningi.

4. Amasu Okubhekana Nezinkinga
• Hlola kabili ikheli lomthumeli ukuze uthole ama-typos noma amagama esizinda angajwayelekile.
• Nika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi (i-MFA) ukuze unciphise ubungozi ngisho noma amaphasiwedi enziwe engcupheni.
• Sebenzisa amathuluzi alwa nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ukuze uhlunge ama-imeyili anonya nezixhumanisi.
• Ukuqhuba ukuqeqeshwa njalo kokuqwashisa ngezokuphepha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqapha kwabasebenzi.

I-Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)

1. Incazelo ye-APT

Usongo oluqhubekayo oluqhubekayo (i-APT) luwukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuyinkimbinkimbi, kwesikhathi eside, ngokuvamile okwenziwa amaqembu ezigebengu ezisezingeni likahulumeni noma amaqembu ezigebengu. Ukuhlasela kwe-APT kunethagethi ecacile kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokwenza ngokwezifiso. Abahlaseli bangena ngezigaba eziningi futhi bacashe isikhathi eside ukuze bantshontshe idatha eyimfihlo noma balimaze isistimu.

2. Ukugeleza Kokuhlasela
Ukungena kokuqala:Ukungena ngama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukuxhashazwa, noma ukuhlaselwa kwe-supply chain.
Misa indawo yokubambelela:Faka iminyango engemuva ukuze ugcine ukufinyelela kwesikhathi eside.
I-Lateral Movement:ukusabalala ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi okuhlosiwe ukuze kutholwe igunya eliphakeme.
Ukwebiwa Kwedatha:Ukukhipha ulwazi olubucayi olufana nempahla yengqondo noma imibhalo yamasu.
Mboza i-Trace:Susa ilogu ukuze ufihle ukuhlasela.

3. Amacala Ajwayelekile
Ukuhlasela kweSolarWinds ngo-2020 kwakuyisigameko sakudala se-APT lapho abaduni batshala khona ikhodi enonya ngokuhlaselwa kwe-supply chain, kwathinta izinkulungwane zamabhizinisi nama-ejensi kahulumeni emhlabeni wonke futhi beba idatha enkulu ebucayi.

4. Amaphuzu Okuzivikela
• Sebenzisa isistimu yokuthola ukungena kokungena (IDS) ukuze ugade ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi engavamile.
• Ukuphoqelela umgomo wokuba nenhlanhla encane ukukhawulela ukunyakaza okuhlangene kwabahlaseli.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okuvamile ukuze kutholwe izinto ezingemuva ezingase zibe khona.
• Sebenza nezinkundla zezobunhloli ukuze uthwebule amathrendi akamuva okuhlasela.

I-Man in the Middle Attack (MITM)

1. Kusebenza kanjani ukuhlasela kwe-Man-in-middle?
Ukuhlasela kwe-man-in-the-middle (MITM) yilapho umhlaseli efaka, avimbe, futhi aphathe ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ezixhumanayo ngaphandle kokwazi ngakho. Umhlaseli angase antshontshe ulwazi olubucayi, aphambanise idatha, noma azenze umuntu othile ngokukhwabanisa.

2. Amafomu Ajwayelekile
• I-Wi-Fi spoofing: Abahlaseli badala izindawo eziyinqaba ze-Wi-Fi ukuze banxenxe abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhume ukuze bantshontshe idatha.
I-DNS spoofing: ukuphazamisa imibuzo ye-DNS ukuqondisa abasebenzisi kumawebhusayithi anonya.
• Ukudunwa kwe-SSL: Ukwenza izitifiketi ze-SSL ukuze kunqandwe ithrafikhi ebethelwe.
• Ukudunwa kwe-imeyili: Ukuphazamisa nokuphazamisa okuqukethwe kwe-imeyili.

3. Izingozi
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-MITM kubangela usongo olukhulu kumabhange aku-inthanethi, ukuhweba nge-elekthronikhi, nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngocingo, okungaholela kuma-akhawunti entshontshiwe, ukuthengiselana onakele, noma ukuvezwa kwezokuxhumana ezibucayi.

4. Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela
• Sebenzisa amawebhusayithi e-HTTPS ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukuxhumana kubethelwe.
• Gwema ukuxhuma ku-Wi-Fi yomphakathi noma ukusebenzisa i-VPNS ukuze ubethele ithrafikhi.
• Nika amandla isevisi yokuxazulula i-DNS evikelekile njenge-DNSSEC.
• Hlola ukufaneleka kwezitifiketi ze-SSL futhi uqaphele izixwayiso ezihlukile.

Umjovo we-SQL

1. Indlela Yokujova kwe-SQL
Umjovo we-SQL ukuhlasela komjovo wekhodi lapho umhlaseli efaka khona izitatimende ze-SQL ezinonya ezindaweni zokufakwayo zohlelo lokusebenza Lwewebhu (isb., ibhokisi lokungena, ibha yokusesha) ukuze akhohlise isizindalwazi ukuthi sisebenzise imiyalo engekho emthethweni, ngaleyo ndlela entshontshe, aphambanise noma asuse idatha.

2. Isimiso Sokuhlasela
Cabangela umbuzo olandelayo we-SQL ukuze uthole ifomu lokungena:

Umhlaseli uyangena:

Umbuzo uba:

Lokhu kweqa ukufakazela ubuqiniso futhi kuvumela umhlaseli ukuthi angene ngemvume.

3. Izingozi

Umjovo we-SQL ungaholela ekuvuzeni kokuqukethwe kwesizindalwazi, ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yomsebenzisi, noma kuthathwe wonke amasistimu. Ukuphulwa kwedatha ye-Equifax ngo-2017 kwaxhunyaniswa nokuba sengozini komjovo we-SQL okuthinte ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwabasebenzisi abayizigidi ezingu-147.

4. Ukuzivikela
• Sebenzisa imibuzo enepharamitha noma izitatimende ezihlanganiswe ngaphambili ukuze ugweme ukuhlanganisa ngokuqondile okokufaka komsebenzisi.
• Sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwayo nokuhlunga ukuze wenqabe izinhlamvu ezingavamile.
• Khawulela izimvume zesizindalwazi ukuze uvimbele abahlaseli ekwenzeni izenzo eziyingozi.
• Skena njalo izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ukuze uthole ubungozi kanye nezingozi zokuvikeleka.

Ukuhlasela kwe-DDoS

1. Isimo Sokuhlasela kwe-DDoS
Ukuhlasela kwe-Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) kuthumela izicelo ezinkulu kuseva eqondiwe ngokulawula inombolo enkulu yama-bots, eqeda umkhawulokudonsa wayo, izinsiza zeseshini noma amandla ekhompyutha, futhi kwenza abasebenzisi abavamile bangakwazi ukufinyelela insiza.

2. Izinhlobo Ezivamile
• Ukuhlasela kwethrafikhi: ukuthumela inani elikhulu lamaphakethe kanye nokuvimbela umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi.
• Ukuhlaselwa kwephrothokholi: Sebenzisa ubungozi bephrothokholi ye-TCP/IP ukuze uqede izinsiza zeseshini yeseva.
• Ukuhlasela kwesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza: Khubaza amaseva eWebhu ngokuzenza izicelo zomsebenzisi ezisemthethweni.

3. Amacala Ajwayelekile
Ukuhlasela kwe-Dyn DDoS ngo-2016 kwasebenzisa i-Mirai botnet ukwehlisa amawebhusayithi amaningana ajwayelekile ahlanganisa i-Twitter ne-Netflix, egqamisa ubungozi bokuphepha bamadivayisi we-iot.

4. Amasu Okubhekana Nezinkinga
• Sebenzisa izinsiza zokuvikela ze-DDoS ukuze uhlunge ithrafikhi enonya.
• Sebenzisa inethiwekhi yokulethwa kokuqukethwe (CDN) ukuze usabalalise ithrafikhi.
• Lungiselela izilinganisi zomthwalo ukwandisa umthamo wokucubungula iseva.
• Qapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ukuze uthole futhi uphendule okudidayo ngesikhathi.

Izinsongo zangaphakathi

1. Incazelo ye-Insider Threat

Izinsongo zangaphakathi zivela kubasebenzisi abagunyaziwe (isb., abasebenzi, osonkontileka) abangaphakathi kwenhlangano abangasebenzisa kabi amalungelo abo ngenxa yonya, ubudedengu, noma ukukhohliswa abahlaseli bangaphandle, okuholela ekuvuzeni kwedatha noma ukulimala kohlelo.

2. Uhlobo Losongo

• Abangaphakathi abanonya: Ukweba imininingwane ngamabomu noma amasistimu okubeka engcupheni inzuzo.

• Abasebenzi abanobudedengu: Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuqwashisa ngezokuphepha, ukungasebenzi kahle kuholela ekuchayekeni ekubeni sengozini.

• Ama-akhawunti antshontshiwe: Abahlaseli balawula ama-akhawunti angaphakathi ngobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi noma ngokuntshontsha imininingwane.

3. Izingozi

Ukusongela kwangaphakathi kunzima ukukubona futhi kungase kudlule ama-firewall avamile namasistimu okuthola ukungena. Ngo-2021, inkampani eyaziwa kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe yalahlekelwa ngamakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi ngenxa yekhodi yomthombo evuzayo yesisebenzi sangaphakathi.

4. Izinyathelo Eziqinile Zokuzivikela

• Sebenzisa i-zero-trust architecture futhi uqinisekise zonke izicelo zokufinyelela.

• Qaphela ukuziphatha komsebenzisi ukuze uthole imisebenzi engavamile.

• Ukuqhuba ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha njalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashisa kwabasebenzi.

• Khawulela ukufinyelela kudatha ebucayi ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuvuza.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-26-2025

Yiziphi i-Network Attacks ezivamile? Uzodinga i-Mylinking ukuze uthwebule amaphakethe eNethiwekhi angakwesokudla futhi uwadlulisele kumathuluzi akho Okuphepha Kwenethiwekhi.