Wake wezwa ngokuthepha kwenethiwekhi? Uma usebenza emkhakheni wenethiwekhi noma i-cybersecurity, kungenzeka ukuthi ujwayelene nale divayisi. Kodwa kulabo abangekho, kungaba imfihlakalo.
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Izinkampani nezinhlangano zithembele kumanethiwekhi azo ukuze agcine idatha ebucayi futhi axhumane namakhasimende nozakwethu. Bangaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi inethiwekhi yabo ivikelekile futhi ayinakho ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe?
Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi kuyini ukuthepha kwenethiwekhi, ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, nokuthi kungani kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Ngakho-ke ake sicwilise futhi sifunde kabanzi mayelana nale divayisi enamandla.
Iyini i-Network TAP (i-Terminal Access Point)?
Ama-TAP enethiwekhi abalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi okuyimpumelelo nokuvikelekile. Bahlinzeka ngezindlela zokuqapha, ukuhlaziya, ukulandelela, nokuvikela ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi. Ama-TAP enethiwekhi adala “ikhophi” yethrafikhi, evumela amadivayisi ahlukahlukene okuqapha ukufinyelela lolo lwazi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwangempela kwamaphakethe wedatha.
Lawa madivayisi abekwe ngendlela ehlelekile kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqapha okuphumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izinhlangano zingafaka ama-TAP enethiwekhi ezindaweni ezinomuzwa wokuthi kufanele zibhekwe, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini lapho ukuze kuqoqwe idatha, ukuhlaziya, ukuqapha okuvamile, noma okubaluleke kakhulu njengokutholwa kokungena.
Idivaysi ye-TAP yenethiwekhi ayishintshi isimo esikhona sanoma iyiphi iphakethe kunethiwekhi esebenzayo; imane idale ikhophi yephakethe ngalinye elithunyelwe ukuze lidluliselwe ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esixhunywe kumadivayisi okuqapha noma izinhlelo.
Inqubo yokukopisha yenziwa ngaphandle kokugcizelela umthamo wokusebenza njengoba ingaphazamisi imisebenzi evamile ocingweni ngemva kokuthi ukuthepha kuqediwe. Ngakho-ke, ukunika izinhlangano amandla ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuphepha ngenkathi zithola futhi zixwayisa umsebenzi osolisayo kunethiwekhi yazo futhi kubhekwe izinkinga zokubambezeleka ezingase zenzeke ngezikhathi zokusetshenziswa okuphezulu.
Isebenza kanjani i-Network TAP?
Ama-TAP enethiwekhi ayimishini eyinkimbinkimbi eyenza abalawuli bakwazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yabo yonke ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo. Angamadivayisi angaphandle asetshenziselwa ukuqapha umsebenzi womsebenzisi, ukuthola ithrafikhi enonya futhi avikele ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ngokuvumela ukuhlaziya okujulile kwedatha egeleza iphinde iphume kuyo. Ama-TAP enethiwekhi avala isendlalelo esibonakalayo lapho amaphakethe ehamba khona enqamula izintambo namaswishi kanye nezendlalelo ezingaphezulu lapho kuhlala khona izinhlelo zokusebenza.
I-Network TAP isebenza njengeswishi yembobo engashintshi evula izimbobo ezimbili ezibonakalayo ukuze ithwebule yonke ithrafikhi engenayo naphumayo kusukela kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okudlula kuyo. Idivayisi yakhelwe ukuthi ingaphazamisi okungu-100%, ngakho-ke ngenkathi ivumela ukuqapha okuphelele, ukuhogela, nokuhlunga kwamaphakethe wedatha, ama-Network TAP awaphazamisi noma aphazamise ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yakho nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisebenza kuphela njengeziteshi zokuhambisa idatha efanele ezindaweni zokuqapha eziqokiwe; lokhu kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuhlaziya noma ukuhlola ulwazi abaluqoqayo - okudinga elinye ithuluzi lenkampani yangaphandle ukuthi likwazi ukwenza kanjalo. Lokhu kuvumela abalawuli ukulawula okunembayo nokuvumelana nezimo uma kuziwa ekuhleleni ukuthi bangasebenzisa kanjani kangcono i-Network TAP yabo ngenkathi beqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yabo.
Kungani Sidinga I-TAP Yenethiwekhi?
Ama-TAP enethiwekhi ahlinzeka ngesisekelo sokuba nokubonakala okuphelele futhi okuqinile kanye nesistimu yokuqapha kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi. Ngokuthinta indawo yokuxhumana, bangakwazi ukuhlonza idatha ocingweni ukuze kusakazwe kwezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha noma zokuqapha. Le ngxenye ebalulekile yokubonakala kwenethiwekhi iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke idatha ekhona kulayini ayiphuthelwa njengoba ithrafikhi idlula, okusho ukuthi awekho amaphakethe ake awiswe.
Ngaphandle kwama-TAP, inethiwekhi ayikwazi ukugadwa nokuphathwa ngokugcwele. Abaphathi be-IT bangaqapha ngokwethembekile izinsongo noma bathole ukuqonda okungatheni kumanethiwekhi abo lokho ukulungiselelwa okungaphandle kwebhendi bekuyocasha ngokunikeza ukufinyelela kulo lonke ulwazi lwethrafikhi.
Kanjalo, ikhophi eyiyo yokuxhumana engenayo nokuphumayo inikezwa, okuvumela izinhlangano ukuthi ziphenye futhi zenze ngokushesha kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo ezingase zihlangane nazo. Ukuze amanethiwekhi ezinhlangano aphephe futhi athembeke kulesi sikhathi samanje sobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, ukusebenzisa i-TAP yenethiwekhi kufanele kubhekwe njengesibopho.
Izinhlobo zama-TAP Enethiwekhi nokuthi Asebenza Kanjani?
Uma kuziwa ekufinyeleleni nasekugadeni ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-TAP - ama-Passive TAP nama-Active TAP. Kokubili kunikeza indlela elula nevikelekile yokufinyelela ekusakazweni kwedatha kusuka kunethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza noma ukwengeza ukubambezeleka okwengeziwe ohlelweni.
I-TAP engenzi lutho isebenza ngokuhlola amasignali kagesi adlula kusixhumanisi sekhebula esikhomba-ephuzwini esivamile phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili, njengaphakathi kwamakhompyutha namaseva. Ihlinzeka ngendawo yokuxhumana evumela umthombo wangaphandle, onjengerutha noma i-sniffer, ukuthi ufinyelele ukugeleza kwesignali ngenkathi udlula endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni ingashintshiwe. Lolu hlobo lwe-TAP lusetshenziswa lapho kuqashwe imisebenzi ebucayi noma ulwazi phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili.
<Ama-TAP Enethiwekhi Esebenzayo>
I-TAP esebenzayo isebenza njengozakwabo ongenzi lutho kodwa inesinyathelo esengeziwe enqubweni - yethula isici sokuvuselela isignali. Ngokunikeza amandla ukuvuselelwa kwesignali, i-TAP esebenzayo iqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lungagadwa ngokunembile ngaphambi kokuthi luqhubeke luye phansi emugqeni.
Lokhu kunikeza imiphumela engaguquki ngisho namazinga kagesi ahlukahlukene avela kweminye imithombo exhunywe eduze kochungechunge. Ukwengeza, lolu hlobo lwe-TAP lusheshisa ukuthunyelwa kunoma iyiphi indawo edingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izikhathi zokusebenza.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zenethiwekhi ye-TAP?
Ama-Network TAP asedume kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje njengoba izinhlangano zilwela ukukhulisa izindlela zazo zokuphepha futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi amanethiwekhi azo ahlala esebenza kahle. Ngokukwazi ukuqapha izimbobo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ama-Network TAP ahlinzeka ngesixazululo esisebenza kahle nesingabizi kakhulu sezinhlangano ezifuna ukuthola ukubonakala okungcono kokwenzekayo kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi azo.
Ukwengeza, ngezici ezifana nokuvikelwa kokudlula, ukuhlanganisa iphakethe, namandla okuhlunga, ama-Network TAP angaphinda anikeze izinhlangano ngendlela evikelekile yokugcina amanethiwekhi azo futhi ziphendule ngokushesha ezinsongweni ezingaba khona.
Ama-TAP enethiwekhi ahlinzeka izinhlangano ngezinzuzo ezimbalwa, njenge:
- Ukubonakala okukhulisiwe ekugelezeni kwethrafikhi yenethiwekhi.
- Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe nokuhambisana.
- Ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula ngokunikeza ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngembangela yanoma yiziphi izinkinga.
- Ukwenyuka kokutholakala kwenethiwekhi ngokuvumela amakhono okuqapha ama-duplex agcwele.
- Izindleko ezincishisiwe zobunikazi njengoba zivame ukonga kakhulu kunezinye izixazululo.
I-TAP Yenethiwekhi iqhudelana ne-SPAN Port Mirror(Ungathwebula kanjani ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi? I-Network Tap vs Port Mirror?):
Ama-TAP enethiwekhi (Izindawo Zokufinyelela Zethrafikhi) kanye nezimbobo ze-SPAN (Switched Port Analyzer) angamathuluzi amabili abalulekile okuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Nakuba kokubili kunikeza ukubonakala kumanethiwekhi, umehluko ocashile phakathi kwakho kokubili kufanele uqondwe ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yikuphi okufanelekela kangcono isimo esithile.
I-Network TAP iyisisetshenziswa sangaphandle esixhuma endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivaysi amabili avumela ukuqapha ukuxhumana okudlula kuyo. Ayiguquli noma ayiphazamisi idatha edluliswayo futhi ayincikile ekushintshanisweni okulungiselelwe ukuyisebenzisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imbobo ye-SPAN iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwembobo yokushintsha lapho ithrafikhi engenayo naphumayo iboniswa kwelinye ichweba ngezinjongo zokuqapha. Izimbobo ze-SPAN zingaba nzima kakhulu ukuzilungiselela kune-Network TAPs, futhi zidinga ukusetshenziswa kweswishi ukuze kusetshenziswe.
Ngakho-ke, ama-Network TAP afaneleka kakhulu ezimweni ezidinga ukubonakala okuphezulu, kuyilapho izimbobo ze-SPAN zingcono kakhulu emisebenzini yokuqapha elula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2024
