Wonke umuntu empilweni uxhumana kakhulu ne-IT kanye ne-OT pronoun, kumele sijwayelane kakhulu ne-IT, kodwa i-OT ingase ingajwayelani kakhulu, ngakho-ke namuhla sizokwabelana nawe ngeminye yemiqondo eyisisekelo ye-IT kanye ne-OT.
Kuyini Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza (OT)?
Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza (OT) ukusetshenziswa kwehadiwe nesofthiwe ukuqapha nokulawula izinqubo zomzimba, amadivayisi, kanye nengqalasizinda. Izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe bokusebenza zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhakha edinga izimpahla eziningi. Zenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene kusukela ekuqapheni ingqalasizinda ebalulekile (CI) kuya ekulawuleni amarobhothi endaweni yokukhiqiza.
I-OT isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza, uwoyela negesi, ukukhiqizwa nokusabalalisa kukagesi, izindiza, ezolwandle, izitimela kanye nezinsizakusebenza.
I-IT (Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi) kanye ne-OT (Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza) ngamagama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimboni, amelela ubuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngokulandelana, futhi kukhona umehluko nokuxhumana okuthile phakathi kwawo.
I-IT (Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi) ibhekisela kubuchwepheshe obuhilela ihadiwe yekhompyutha, isofthiwe, inethiwekhi kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukucubungula nokuphatha ulwazi lwezinga lebhizinisi kanye nezinqubo zebhizinisi. I-IT igxile kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwedatha, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kanye nokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kwamabhizinisi, njengezinhlelo zangaphakathi zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ehhovisi, izinhlelo zokuphatha isizindalwazi, imishini yenethiwekhi, njll.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza (OT) bubhekisela kubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nokusebenza kwangempela ngokomzimba, obusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha nokulawula imishini yasensimini, izinqubo zokukhiqiza zezimboni, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha. I-OT igxile ezicini zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqapha ukuzwa, ukutholwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokucutshungulwa emigqeni yokukhiqiza yasefektri, njengezinhlelo zokulawula ukukhiqiza (i-SCADA), izinzwa nama-actuator, kanye nezinqubo zokuxhumana zezimboni.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-IT ne-OT ukuthi ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo ze-IT kunganikeza ukwesekwa kanye nokwenza ngcono i-OT, njengokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha kanye nezinhlelo zesofthiwe ukufeza ukuqapha nokuphathwa kwemishini yezimboni kude; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idatha yesikhathi sangempela kanye nesimo sokukhiqiza se-OT nakho kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ngezinqumo zebhizinisi le-IT kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IT kanye ne-OT nakho kuyinkambiso ebalulekile emkhakheni wezimboni wamanje. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nedatha ye-IT kanye ne-OT, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni okusebenzayo nokuhlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kokusebenza kungafinyelelwa. Lokhu kwenza amafektri namabhizinisi akwazi ukuphendula kangcono ezinguqukweni zesidingo semakethe, athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi, futhi anciphise izindleko nezingozi.
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Kuyini ukuphepha kwe-OT?
Ukuphepha kwe-OT kuchazwa njengemikhuba nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa uku:
(a) Vikela abantu, impahla, kanye nolwazi,
(b) Ukuqapha kanye/noma ukulawula amadivayisi angokoqobo, izinqubo kanye nemicimbi, kanye
(c) Ukuqala izinguquko zesimo ezinhlelweni ze-OT zebhizinisi.
Izixazululo zokuphepha ze-OT zifaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe obubanzi bokuphepha kusukela kuma-firewall esizukulwane esilandelayo (ama-NGFW) kuya ezinhlelweni zolwazi lokuphepha kanye nokuphathwa kwemicimbi (i-SIEM) kuya ekufinyeleleni nasekuphatheni ubuwena, nokunye okuningi.
Ngokwesiko, ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwe-OT kwakungadingeki ngoba izinhlelo ze-OT zazingaxhunywanga kwi-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, zazingachayelwanga ezinsongweni zangaphandle. Njengoba izinhlelo zokusungula izinto ezintsha zedijithali (i-DI) zanda futhi amanethiwekhi e-IT OT ehlangana, izinhlangano zazivame ukusebenzisa izixazululo zamaphuzu athile ukuze zibhekane nezinkinga ezithile.
Lezi zindlela zokuphepha kwe-OT ziholele kunethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi lapho izixazululo zingakwazi ukwabelana ngolwazi futhi zinikeze ukubonakala okugcwele.
Ngokuvamile, amanethiwekhi e-IT kanye ne-OT agcinwa ehlukene okuholela ekuphindaphindeni imizamo yokuphepha kanye nokugwema ukucaca. Lawa manethiwekhi e-IT OT awakwazi ukulandelela okwenzekayo kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlasela.
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Ngokuvamile, amanethiwekhi e-OT abika ku-COO kanye namanethiwekhi e-IT abika ku-CIO, okuholela emaqenjini amabili okuphepha kwenethiwekhi ngalinye elivikela ingxenye yenethiwekhi iyonke. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuhlonza imingcele yendawo yokuhlasela ngoba la maqembu ahlukene awazi ukuthi yini exhunywe kunethiwekhi yawo. Ngaphezu kokuba nzima ukuyiphatha kahle, amanethiwekhi e-OT IT ashiya izikhala ezinkulu ekuphepheni.
Njengoba kuchaza indlela yayo yokuphepha kwe-OT, iwukuthola izinsongo kusenesikhathi ngokusebenzisa ulwazi oluphelele lwezimo ngamanethiwekhi e-IT kanye ne-OT.
I-IT (Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi) vs. I-OT (Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza)
Incazelo
I-IT (Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi): Kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhompyutha, amanethiwekhi, kanye nesofthiwe ukuphatha idatha nolwazi ezimweni zebhizinisi nezenhlangano. Kuhlanganisa konke kusukela kuhadiwe (amaseva, ama-router) kuya kusofthiwe (izinhlelo zokusebenza, izizindalwazi) ezisekela imisebenzi yebhizinisi, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha.
I-OT (Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza): Kuhilela ihadiwe nesofthiwe ethola noma ebangela izinguquko ngokuqapha okuqondile nokulawula amadivayisi angokoqobo, izinqubo, kanye nemicimbi enhlanganweni. I-OT ivame ukutholakala emikhakheni yezimboni, njengokukhiqiza, amandla, kanye nezokuthutha, futhi ifaka izinhlelo ezifana ne-SCADA (Ukulawula Ukuphatha kanye Nokutholwa Kwedatha) kanye ne-PLCs (Abalawuli Be-Logic Abahleliwe).
Umehluko Oyinhloko
| Isici | IT | OT |
| Inhloso | Ukuphathwa kwedatha kanye nokucubungula | Ukulawulwa kwezinqubo zomzimba |
| Ukugxila | Izinhlelo zolwazi kanye nokuphepha kwedatha | Ukuzenzakalela kanye nokuqapha imishini |
| Indawo ezungezile | Amahhovisi, izikhungo zedatha | Amafektri, izindawo zezimboni |
| Izinhlobo Zedatha | Idatha yedijithali, amadokhumenti | Idatha yesikhathi sangempela evela kuzinzwa nemishini |
| Ukuphepha | Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi nokuvikelwa kwedatha | Ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo ezibonakalayo |
| Amaphrothokholi | I-HTTP, i-FTP, i-TCP/IP | I-Modbus, i-OPC, i-DNP3 |
Ukuhlanganiswa
Ngokukhula kwe-Industry 4.0 kanye ne-Internet of Things (IoT), ukuhlangana kwe-IT kanye ne-OT kuba yinto ebalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuhlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlaziywa kwedatha, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezingcono. Kodwa-ke, futhi kwethula izinselele ezihlobene nokuphepha kwe-cyber, njengoba izinhlelo ze-OT zazihlukaniswa ngokwesiko kumanethiwekhi e-IT.
Isihloko Esihlobene:I-inthanethi Yakho Yezinto Idinga Umthengisi Wephakethe Lenethiwekhi Wokuphepha Kwenethiwekhi
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-05-2024
