Wonke umuntu empilweni ukuthintana okuncane noma okuncane nge-IT kanye nesabizwana se-OT, kufanele sijwayelane ne-IT, kodwa i-OT ingase ingajwayelekile, ngakho-ke namuhla ukwabelana nawe eminye imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-IT ne-OT.
Yini i-Operational Technology (OT)?
Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza (OT) ukusetshenziswa kwehadiwe nesofthiwe ukuqapha nokulawula izinqubo ezibonakalayo, amadivaysi, nengqalasizinda. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe zitholakala emikhakheni eminingi edinga impahla eningi. Benza imisebenzi eyahlukene kusukela ekuqapheni ingqalasizinda ebalulekile (CI) kuya ekulawuleni amarobhothi endaweni yokukhiqiza.
I-OT isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukukhiqiza, uwoyela negesi, ukukhiqiza nokusabalalisa ugesi, ezondiza, ezasolwandle, izitimela, kanye nezinsiza.
I-IT (Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi) kanye ne-OT (Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza) amagama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimboni, amele ubuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngokulandelana, futhi kukhona umehluko othile kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwawo.
I-IT (Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi) ibhekisela kubuchwepheshe obuhilela izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha, isofthiwe, inethiwekhi nokuphathwa kwedatha, obusetshenziswa kakhulu ukucubungula nokuphatha ulwazi lwezinga lebhizinisi nezinqubo zebhizinisi. I-IT igxile kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwedatha, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware nokusebenza kanye nokunakekelwa kwamabhizinisi, njengezinhlelo zangaphakathi ezishintshayo zamahhovisi, izinhlelo zokuphatha isizindalwazi, imishini yenethiwekhi, njll.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza (OT) bubhekisela kubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nokusebenza ngokomzimba kwangempela, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuphatha nokulawula imishini yasensimini, izinqubo zokukhiqiza izimboni, nezinhlelo zokuphepha. I-OT igxile ezicini zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukuzwa kokuqapha, ukutholwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokucutshungulwa emigqeni yokukhiqiza yasefekthri, njengezinhlelo zokulawula ukukhiqiza (i-SCADA), izinzwa nama-actuator, nezimiso zokuxhumana zezimboni.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-IT ne-OT ukuthi ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo ze-IT zinganikeza ukwesekwa kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-OT, njengokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi amakhompyutha nezinhlelo zesofthiwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqapha okukude nokuphathwa kwemishini yezimboni; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idatha yesikhathi sangempela nesimo sokukhiqiza se-OT singanikeza nolwazi olubalulekile lwezinqumo zebhizinisi le-IT nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IT ne-OT nakho kuwumkhuba obalulekile emkhakheni wamanje wezimboni. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nedatha ye-IT ne-OT, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezisebenza kahle futhi ezihlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kokusebenza kungafinyelelwa. Lokhu kusiza izimboni namabhizinisi ukuthi zisabele kangcono ezinguqukweni zezidingo zemakethe, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi, futhi kunciphise izindleko nezingozi.
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Iyini i-OT Security?
Ukuphepha kwe-OT kuchazwa njengezinqubo nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa:
(a) Vikela abantu, impahla, nolwazi,
(b) Qapha kanye/noma ulawule izinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo nemicimbi, kanye
(c) Qalisa izinguquko zesimo ezinhlelweni ze-OT zebhizinisi.
Izixazululo zokuphepha ze-OT zifaka phakathi ububanzi obubanzi bobuchwepheshe bokuphepha kusukela kuma-firewall esizukulwane esilandelayo (NGFWs) kuya kumasistimu olwazi lwezokuphepha kanye nokuphathwa kwemicimbi (SIEM) kuya ekufinyeleleni kobunikazi nokuphatha, nokunye okuningi.
Ngokwesiko, ukuvikeleka ku-inthanethi kwe-OT kwakungadingekile ngoba amasistimu e-OT ayengaxhumekile ku-inthanethi. Kanjalo, abazange bavezwe izinsongo zangaphandle. Njengoba izinhlelo zokuqamba ezintsha zedijithali (DI) zanda kanye namanethiwekhi e-IT OT ehlangana, izinhlangano zivame ukugxilisa izixazululo zamaphuzu athile ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga ezithile.
Lezi zindlela zokuvikeleka kwe-OT zibangele inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi lapho izixazululo zingakwazi ukwabelana ngolwazi futhi zinikeze ukubonakala okuphelele.
Ngokuvamile, amanethiwekhi e-IT nawe-OT agcinwa ehlukene okuholela ekuphindaphindeni imizamo yokuphepha kanye nokubalekela ukubonakala. Lawa manethiwekhi e-IT OT awakwazi ukulandelela ukuthi kwenzekani kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlasela.
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Ngokuvamile, amanethiwekhi e-OT abika ku-COO kanye namanethiwekhi e-IT abika ku-CIO, okuholela ekutheni amaqembu amabili okuphepha enethiwekhi ngalinye livikele ingxenye yengqikithi yenethiwekhi. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukukhomba imingcele yendawo yokuhlasela ngoba lawa maqembu ahlukene awazi ukuthi yini enamathiselwe kunethiwekhi yawo. Ngaphezu kokuba nzima ukuphatha kahle, amanethiwekhi e-OT IT ashiya izikhala ezinkulu kwezokuphepha.
Njengoba ichaza indlela yayo yokuphepha kwe-OT, iwukuthola izinsongo kusenesikhathi usebenzisa ukuqwashisa okugcwele kwesimo kwamanethiwekhi e-IT nawe-OT.
I-IT (Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi) vs. OT (Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza)
Incazelo
I-IT (Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi): Kubhekiselwa ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhompuyutha, amanethiwekhi, kanye nesofthiwe ukuphatha idatha nolwazi kwezebhizinisi nenhlangano. Kuhlanganisa yonke into kusukela ku-hardware (amaseva, amarutha) kuya kusofthiwe (izinhlelo zokusebenza, imininingwane yolwazi) esekela ukusebenza kwebhizinisi, ukuxhumana, nokuphathwa kwedatha.
I-OT (Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza): Kubandakanya izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nesofthiwe ethola noma ebangela izinguquko ngokugada okuqondile nokulawulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo, nemicimbi enhlanganweni. I-OT ivamise ukutholakala emikhakheni yezimboni, njengokukhiqiza, amandla, nezokuthutha, futhi ihlanganisa amasistimu afana ne-SCADA (Ukulawulwa Kokuqondisa Nokutholwa Kwedatha) kanye nama-PLC (Izilawuli Zengqondo Ezihlelwayo).
Umehluko Obalulekile
| Isici | IT | OT |
| Inhloso | Ukuphathwa nokucubungula idatha | Ukulawulwa kwezinqubo zomzimba |
| Gxila | Izinhlelo zolwazi nokuphepha kwedatha | Ukuzenzakalela kanye nokuqapha imishini |
| Imvelo | Amahhovisi, izikhungo zedatha | Izimboni, izilungiselelo zezimboni |
| Izinhlobo Zedatha | Idatha yedijithali, amadokhumenti | Idatha yesikhathi sangempela evela kuzinzwa nemishini |
| Ezokuphepha | I-Cybersecurity nokuvikelwa kwedatha | Ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zomzimba |
| Imithethonqubo | I-HTTP, i-FTP, i-TCP/IP | Modbus, OPC, DNP3 |
Ukuhlanganisa
Ngokukhula kwe-Industry 4.0 kanye ne-Inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), ukuhlangana kwe-IT ne-OT kuya kuba semqoka. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuhloswe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlaziya idatha, nokunika amandla ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okungcono. Kodwa-ke, futhi yethula izinselelo ezihlobene nokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi, njengoba amasistimu e-OT ngokwesiko ayehlukanisiwe kumanethiwekhi e-IT.
I-athikili Ehlobene:I-inthanethi Yakho Yezinto Idinga I-Network Packet Broker Yezokuphepha Kwenethiwekhi
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-05-2024
