1. Umqondo Wokufihla Idatha
Ukufihla idatha kwaziwa nangokuthi ukufihla idatha. Kuyindlela yobuchwepheshe yokuguqula, ukuguqula noma ukumboza idatha ebucayi njengenombolo yocingo oluphathwayo, inombolo yekhadi lasebhange kanye nolunye ulwazi uma sinikeze imithetho nezinqubomgomo zokufihla. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvimbela idatha ebucayi ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngqo ezindaweni ezingathembekile.
Isimiso Sokufihla Idatha: Ukufihla idatha kufanele kugcine izici zedatha zokuqala, imithetho yebhizinisi, kanye nokufaneleka kwedatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha okulandelayo ngeke kuthinteke ukufihla. Qinisekisa ukuhambisana kwedatha kanye nokusebenza kwayo ngaphambi nangemva kokufihla.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Data Masking
Ukufihla idatha kungahlukaniswa kube ukufihla idatha engaguquki (i-SDM) kanye nokufihla idatha okuguquguqukayo (i-DDM).
Ukufihla idatha eqinile (i-SDM): Ukufihla idatha engaguquki kudinga ukusungulwa kwesizindalwazi esisha sendawo engeyona eyokukhiqiza ukuze kuhlukaniswe endaweni yokukhiqiza. Idatha ebucayi ikhishwa kusizindalwazi sokukhiqiza bese igcinwa kusizindalwazi esingeyona eyokukhiqiza. Ngale ndlela, idatha enganakwa ihlukaniswa endaweni yokukhiqiza, ehlangabezana nezidingo zebhizinisi futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kwedatha yokukhiqiza.
Ukufihla Idatha Eguquguqukayo (i-DDM): Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa endaweni yokukhiqiza ukuze isuse uzwela kudatha ebucayi ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngezinye izikhathi, amazinga ahlukene okufihla ayadingeka ukuze kufundwe idatha ebucayi efanayo ezimweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo, izindima nezimvume ezahlukene zingase zisebenzise izinhlelo ezihlukene zokufihla.
Ukubika idatha kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lokufihla imikhiqizo yedatha
Izimo ezinjalo zifaka phakathi imikhiqizo yokuqapha idatha yangaphakathi noma ibhodi lokukhangisa, imikhiqizo yedatha yesevisi yangaphandle, kanye nemibiko esekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha, njengemibiko yebhizinisi kanye nokubuyekezwa kwephrojekthi.
3. Isixazululo Sokufihla Idatha
Izinhlelo ezivamile zokufihla idatha zifaka: ukungasebenzi, inani elingahleliwe, ukushintshwa kwedatha, ukubethela okulinganayo, inani elimaphakathi, i-offset kanye ne-rounding, njll.
Ukungasebenzi: Ukungasebenzi kubhekisela ekubethelweni, ukunqunywa, noma ukufihla idatha ebucayi. Lolu hlelo luvame ukufaka esikhundleni idatha yangempela ngezimpawu ezikhethekile (njenge-*). Umsebenzi ulula, kodwa abasebenzisi abakwazi ukwazi ifomethi yedatha yokuqala, okungathinta izinhlelo zokusebenza zedatha ezilandelayo.
Inani elingahleliwe: Inani elingahleliwe libhekisela ekufakweni esikhundleni kwedatha ebucayi okungahleliwe (izinombolo zithatha indawo yezinombolo, izinhlamvu zithatha indawo yezinhlamvu, kanti izinhlamvu zithatha indawo yezinhlamvu). Le ndlela yokufihla izoqinisekisa ifomethi yedatha ebucayi ngezinga elithile futhi ilula ukusetshenziswa kwedatha okulandelayo. Izichazamazwi zokufihla zingadingeka kwamanye amagama anencazelo, njengamagama abantu nezindawo.
Ukufakwa Kwedatha: Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwedatha kufana nokufihla amanani angenalutho nangahleliwe, ngaphandle kokuthi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezikhethekile noma amanani angahleliwe, idatha yokufihla ithathelwa indawo ngenani elithile.
Ukubethela Okulinganayo: Ukubethela okulinganayo kuyindlela ekhethekile yokufihla eguquguqukayo. Kubethela idatha ebucayi ngokhiye bokubethela nama-algorithms. Ifomethi ye-ciphertext ihambisana nedatha yokuqala emithethweni enengqondo.
Isilinganiso: Uhlelo olujwayelekile luvame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zezibalo. Kudatha yezinombolo, siqala ngokubala isilinganiso sabo, bese sisabalalisa ngokungahleliwe amanani angenazwelo azungeze isilinganiso, ngaleyo ndlela sigcine isamba sedatha singaguquki.
I-Offset kanye ne-Rounding: Le ndlela ishintsha idatha yedijithali ngokushintsha okungahleliwe. Ukuzungeza kwe-offset kuqinisekisa ubuqiniso obulinganiselwe bebanga ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuphepha kwedatha, okusondele kakhulu kudatha yangempela kunezinhlelo zangaphambilini, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sokuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu.
Imodeli Enconywayo "I-ML-NPB-5660"ye-Data Masking
4. Amasu Okufihla Idatha Asetshenziswa Kaningi
(1). Amasu Ezibalo
Ukusampula idatha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha
- Ukusampula idatha: Ukuhlaziywa nokuhlolwa kwesethi yedatha yokuqala ngokukhetha isethi emele yesethi yedatha kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamasu okuhlonza.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha: Njengeqoqo lamasu ezibalo (njengokuhlanganisa, ukubala, ukulinganisa, okuphezulu kanye nokuncane) asetshenziswa ezimpawini ku-microdata, umphumela umelela wonke amarekhodi kusethi yedatha yokuqala.
(2). I-Cryptography
I-Cryptography iyindlela evamile yokuqeda uzwela noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqeda uzwela. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-algorithms okubethela zingafeza imiphumela ehlukene yokuqeda uzwela.
- Ukubethela okunqunyiwe: Ukubethela okungalingani okungahleliwe. Ngokuvamile kucubungula idatha ye-ID futhi kungasusa ukubethela nokubuyisela umbhalo we-cipher ku-ID yokuqala uma kudingeka, kodwa ukhiye udinga ukuvikelwa kahle.
- Ukubethela Okungenakuguqulwa: Umsebenzi we-hash usetshenziselwa ukucubungula idatha, evame ukusetshenziselwa idatha ye-ID. Awukwazi ukususwa ngokuqondile futhi ubudlelwano bokumapha kumele bulondolozwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesici somsebenzi we-hash, ukushayisana kwedatha kungase kwenzeke.
- Ukubethela kwe-Homomorphic: Kusetshenziswa i-algorithm ye-ciphertext homomorphic. Isici sayo ukuthi umphumela wokusebenza kwe-ciphertext ufana nalowo wokusebenza kombhalo ocacile ngemva kokuqaqa. Ngakho-ke, ivame ukusetshenziswa ukucubungula amasimu ezinombolo, kodwa ayisetshenziswa kabanzi ngezizathu zokusebenza.
(3). Ubuchwepheshe Besistimu
Ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela bususa noma buvikela izinto zedatha ezingahlangabezani nokuvikelwa kobumfihlo, kodwa abuzishicileli.
- Ukufihla: kubhekisela endleleni evamile yokususa uzwela ukufihla inani lesici, njengenombolo yomphikisi, ikhadi le-ID limakwe nge-asterisk, noma ikheli lifinyeziwe.
- Ukucindezela kwendawo: kubhekisela enkambisweni yokususa amanani athile emfanelo (amakholomu), ukususa izinkambu zedatha ezingabalulekile;
- Ukususwa kwerekhodi: kubhekisela enkambisweni yokususa amarekhodi athile (imigqa), ukususa amarekhodi edatha angabalulekile.
(4). Ubuchwepheshe Begama Elingelona Iqiniso
Ukuhlonza ngenkohliso kuyindlela yokususa ukuhlonza esebenzisa igama elingelona iqiniso ukufaka esikhundleni sokuhlonza okuqondile (noma esinye isihlonzi esibucayi). Amasu okuhlonza ngenkohliso adala izihlonzi ezihlukile zolwazi ngalunye lomuntu ngamunye, esikhundleni sezihlonzi eziqondile noma ezibucayi.
- Ingakhiqiza amanani angahleliwe ngokuzimela ukuze ahambisane ne-ID yokuqala, ilondoloze ithebula lokumapha, futhi ilawule ngokuqinile ukufinyelela etafuleni lokumapha.
- Ungasebenzisa futhi ukubethela ukukhiqiza amagama angamanga, kodwa udinga ukugcina ukhiye wokucisha ukubethela kahle;
Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi uma kuziwa kubasebenzisi abaningi bedatha abazimele, njenge-OpenID esimweni sepulatifomu evulekile, lapho onjiniyela abahlukene bethola khona ama-Openids ahlukene kumsebenzisi ofanayo.
(5). Amasu Okwenza Izinto Zibe Zivamile
Indlela yokwenza izinto zibe ziningi ibhekisela endleleni yokwenza izinto zibe ziningi enciphisa ubunye bezimfanelo ezikhethiwe kusethi yedatha futhi inikeze incazelo ejwayelekile nengacacile yedatha. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto zibe ziningi kulula ukubusebenzisa futhi bungavikela ubuqiniso bedatha yezinga lerekhodi. Ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yedatha noma emibikweni yedatha.
- Ukufingqa: kuhilela ukukhetha isisekelo sokufingqa semfanelo ekhethiwe, njengokuhlola okuya phezulu noma phansi, okuveza imiphumela engu-100, 500, 1K, kanye ne-10K
- Amasu okubhala ikhodi ephezulu nephansi: Faka esikhundleni amanani angaphezulu (noma angaphansi) komkhawulo ngomkhawulo omelela izinga eliphezulu (noma eliphansi), okuveza umphumela "ongaphezulu kuka-X" noma "ngaphansi kuka-X"
(6). Amasu Okwenza Ngokungahleliwe
Njengohlobo lobuchwepheshe bokungazi, ubuchwepheshe bokungahleliwe bubhekisela ekuguquleni inani lemfanelo ngokusebenzisa ukungahleliwe, ukuze inani ngemva kokungahleliwe lihluke enanini langempela langempela. Le nqubo inciphisa ikhono lomhlaseli lokuthola inani lemfanelo kwamanye amanani emfanelo kurekhodi elifanayo ledatha, kodwa ithinta ubuqiniso bedatha ephumayo, okuvamile ngedatha yokuhlola ukukhiqizwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-27-2022
