Iyini i-Network Tap (Test Access Point) futhi isebenza kanjani?

Ama-network taps ayizinto ezibalulekile emhlabeni wokuxhumana. Avumela ukuqapha idatha okuphephile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukugeleza kolwazi. Njengoba uJames Carter, uchwepheshe ohamba phambili we-Network Insights, eshilo, "Ama-network taps ahlinzeka ngokubonakala ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka." Lokhu kugqamisa indima yawo ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bedatha ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuqapha.

Lawa madivayisi asebenza ngokuthwebula ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi bese eyithumela kumathuluzi okuqapha. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekuphepheni kwe-cyber, ekuhlaziyweni kokusebenza, nasekuxazululeni izinkinga. Ama-network taps asebenza ngokuhlukanisa umfudlana wedatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithrafikhi yokuqala ayithinteki. Ukubaluleka kwama-network taps akunakuphikiswa; athuthukisa izindlela zokuphepha futhi ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi.

Nakuba ukuthembeka kwazo kwamukelwe kahle, kusenezinselele ekusetshenzisweni. Akuzona zonke izindawo zenethiwekhi ezifanelekela ama-tap. Ukucushwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezingalindelekile, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Naphezu kwale mikhawulo, izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-tap enethiwekhi zidlula kakhulu izinkinga, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile kumanethiwekhi anamuhla.

Kuyini i-Network Tap?

I-Network TAP (Test Access Point) iyidivayisi yehadiwe eyakhelwe ngenhloso enikeza indlela yokufinyelela idatha egeleza kunethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Ifakwa phakathi kwama-node amabili enethiwekhi (njengeswishi kanye ne-router) ukuze "ithinte" ithrafikhi ukuze iqaphe futhi ihlaziye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isixhumanisi sokuqala.

Isebenza Kanjani?

Cabanga nge-Network TAP njenge-"Y-splitter" yedatha. Idala ikhophi eqondile yethrafikhi, ithumele ikhophi eyodwa endaweni yayo yokuqala ukuze ilondoloze ukuxhumana, kanye nekhophi yesibili ethuluzini lokuqapha (njenge-packet sniffer, i-IDS, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-forensics).

Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko

I-TAP Engasebenzi:Ayidingi mandla. Isebenzisa i-optical splitter ebonakalayo ukuhlukanisa izimpawu zokukhanya (zefayibha) noma i-magnetic induction (yethusi). Ithembeke kakhulu ngoba ayinayo "indawo yokwehluleka"—uma ugesi ucima, isixhumanisi senethiwekhi esiyinhloko sihlala sisebenza.

I-TAP Esebenzayo:Kudinga amandla okuvuselela nokudlulisa kabusha amasignali. Lawa asetshenziswa lapho ubuqotho besiginali budinga ukukhuliswa noma ukuguqula imidiya (isb., i-Fiber ibe yi-Copper).

I-Drap ye-Drap:Yakhelwe amathuluzi okuphepha "angaphakathi" njenge-Firewalls noma i-IPS. Uma ithuluzi lokuphepha lehluleka noma lilahlekelwa amandla, i-Bypass TAP "ivala" igebe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze inethiwekhi ihlale iku-inthanethi.

I-TAP ehlanganisiwe:Ihlanganisa ukusakazwa kwedatha okuningi echwebeni elilodwa lokukhipha, okuvumela ithuluzi lokuqapha lechweba elilodwa ukubona ithrafikhi kusuka kuzo zombili izinkomba zesixhumanisi esigcwele i-duplex.

I-Network Tap iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Isebenza njengedivayisi engenzi lutho, evumela idatha ukuthi igeleze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ngokuxhuma engxenyeni yenethiwekhi, idala ikhophi yethrafikhi ukuze ihlaziywe. Le ndlela isiza ukugcina ubuqotho benethiwekhi ebukhoma ngenkathi inikeza ukuqonda ngezinkinga zokusebenza.

Imibiko yakamuva yemboni ikhombisa ukuthi isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwenethiwekhi esingaphezu kuka-80% sivela ezinkingeni ezihlobene nethrafikhi. I-Network Taps yenza kube lula ukuhlonza lezi zinkinga, ivumela amaqembu e-IT ukuthi akwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ngempumelelo. Angabamba ithrafikhi engenayo nephumayo, enikeza umbono ophelele wokugeleza kwedatha. Leli khono libalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezinhlanganweni ezithembele kudatha yesikhathi sangempela ukuze ziqhube izinqumo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Network Taps iyasiza ezindleleni zokuphepha. Ivumela ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokubeka inethiwekhi engcupheni. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa lezi zixazululo kungaletha izinselele. Isibonelo, zidinga ukubekwa ngokucophelela nokuphathwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Ukusethwa okungalungile kungabangela ukuqoqwa kwedatha okungaphelele, okuholela olwazini oludukisayo. Ukulinganisela isidingo sokubonakala okuphelele nokusebenza kahle kuseyinto ebalulekile.

Inhloso Yokuthinta Inethiwekhi Ekuqapheni Inethiwekhi

Ama-network taps adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqapheni inethiwekhi ngokuvumela ukuthwebula idatha okungenamthungo ngaphandle kokuthinta ukuhamba kwethrafikhi. Anikeza indlela ethembekile yokuhlaziya amaphakethe edatha ahamba kunethiwekhi yonke. Ngokusho kwe-“2023 Network Security Report,” cishe ama-70% ezinhlangano zisebenzisa izixazululo zama-network tap ukuthuthukisa ukuma kwazo kokuphepha. Lesi sibalo sigcizelela ukuthembela okukhulayo kwemboni kumathuluzi okuqapha idatha asebenzayo.

Inhloso yokusebenzisa amathephu enethiwekhi ukuthola ukubonakala emsebenzini wenethiwekhi ngaphandle kokufaka ukubambezeleka noma isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Izindlela zendabuko zokubamba amaphakethe zingaphazamisa ithrafikhi, kuyilapho amathephu ephinda ithrafikhi bese eyithumela kumathuluzi okuqapha. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-“Journal of Network Monitoring” luphawula ukuthi izinhlangano ezisebenzisa amathephu enethiwekhi zibika ukuthuthuka okungu-40% kwesivinini sokutholwa kwezehlakalo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubalulekile kochwepheshe bezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, abavame ukubhekana namazinga akhulayo ezinsongo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa ama-network tap akuzona izinselele. Kungaba nezinkinga ezifana nokufakwa okungafanele, okungaholela ezindaweni ezingabonakali ekuqapheni. Ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa kanye nokulungiselelwa kwama-tap ngendlela efanele kubalulekile. Naphezu kwezinzuzo zazo, izinhlangano eziningi ziyazabalaza ukugcina izinhlelo zazo zokuqapha zivuselelwa. Zingase zingaqapheli ukuthi imishini esiphelelwe yisikhathi inganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-network tap. Ukuzindla okuqhubekayo nokuhlola amasu okuqapha kuyadingeka ukuze kusebenze kahle.

Indlela Ama-Network Taps Asebenza Ngayo: Ukubuka Konke Kobuchwepheshe

Ukuthepha kwenethiwekhiziyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi nasekuphepheni. Zenza kube lula ukufinyelela ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukugeleza. Ukuthepha kwenethiwekhi kusebenza ngokudala uxhumano olungasebenzi phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili kunethiwekhi. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ibambe yonke ithrafikhi kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye. Idatha bese ithunyelwa kumathuluzi okuqapha ukuze ihlaziywe.

Uma usebenzisa i-network tap, qiniseka ukuthi inqubo yokufaka iyasebenza kahle. Amanye ama-tap adinga ukucushwa okuthile.Izilungiselelo ezingalungile zingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwedatha noma ziphazamise ukusebenza.Hlola ukuthepha ngaphansi kwemithwalo yenethiwekhi ehlukene ukuze uqonde ukuziphatha kwayo. Amathuluzi okuqapha anganikeza ukuqonda ngokusebenza kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona.

Icebiso:Buyekeza njalo idatha ethathwe ngamaphethini angavamile. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izinsongo ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi. Hlala usesikhathini ngomsebenzi wenethiwekhi ukuze ubonakale kangcono. Njalo bhala phansi izindawo zokufaka kanye nezilungiselelo. Lokhu kusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuba nerekhodi elicacile kungavimbela ukudideka ngaphakathi kwethimba.

Izinhlobo ze-Network Taps kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo

Amathephu enethiwekhi eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngalinye lenzelwe izidingo ezithile zokuqapha nokuhlaziya. Amathephu enethiwekhi angasebenzi yiwona avame kakhulu. Avumela idatha ukuthi igeleze phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili. Lolu hlobo lokuthephu alushintshi noma luphazamise ukugeleza kwedatha kwangempela. Athembekile futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa. Ngeke ulahlekelwe amaphakethe edatha, okuyinto ebalulekile ekuhlaziyeni okunembile.

Ukuthepha kwenethiwekhi esebenzayo kungenye indlela. Lawa mathepha avuselela amasignali ukuze athuthukise ubuqotho bedatha emabangeni amade. Adinga amandla ukuze asebenze, okusho indawo engase yehluleke. Ukuthepha okusebenzayo kungaletha nokubambezeleka. Ezindaweni ezibucayi, lokhu kungaba inkinga.

Izibuko ze-port nazo ziyindlela ethandwayo. Ziphinda ithrafikhi ziye kwenye i-port ngeswishi. Le ndlela ingathinta ukusebenza kweswishi. Kunethuba lokulahlekelwa amaphakethe ngesikhathi sezimo zethrafikhi ephezulu. Uhlobo ngalunye lokuthepha lunezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi. Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza ekukhetheni ithuluzi elifanele izidingo zakho zokuqapha inethiwekhi.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Ama-Network Taps Ezindaweni Zenethiwekhi

Ukuthinta inethiwekhi kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseniukuphephafuthiukusebenzaezindaweni zenethiwekhi zesimanje. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva olwenziwe yi-Isikhungo Sokuqapha Ukusebenza Kwenethiwekhi, izinhlangano ezisebenzisa ama-network taps zithola ulwaziUkwehliswa okungu-40%ezikhathini zokuxazulula izinkinga. Lokhu kuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kuvela ekhonweni lokuthinta inethiwekhi ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngendlela engaphazamisi yokuthwebula idatha. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko, ukuthinta kukopisha yonke ithrafikhi ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlaziyi bezokuphepha batholakuqediwefuthikunembileamasethi edatha okuhlaziywa.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukwanda kokubonakala. Umbiko ovela ku-Iqembu Lokuhlaziya Ukuphepha Kwe-inthanethiithi amabhizinisi asebenzisa ama-network taps abikaUkuthuthuka okungu-50%emazingeni okuthola izinsongo. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokuthi ompompi bokufinyelela idatha ngesikhathi sangempela banikeza, okwenza kube lula ukuphendula ngokushesha ezinsongweni ezingaba khona. Kodwa-ke, ukuthembela kula mathuluzi kuza nezinselele. Isibonelo, abanye abaphathi benethiwekhi bangabhekana nobunzima bokuhlanganisa ompompi nengqalasizinda ekhona. Kunesidingo sokuqeqeshwa okwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelolungiselela ukusebenza kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-network taps kungakhuphula ukuphepha kwedatha. Iphepha locwaningo elenziwe yi-Isikhungo Sokuvikela Se-Cyberugcizelela ukuthi ukuthepha kwenethiwekhi kunciphisa ingozi yokwephulwa kwedatha ngokuvikela ulwazi olubucayi ngesikhathi sokuqapha. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuphathwa kobuqotho bedatha. Ukugcina ukuthepha kubuyekeziwe futhi kuhambisana nezinqubo zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuvimbela amathuba okuba khona.ubuthakathaka.

Ukufakwa Nokucushwa Kwama-Network Taps

Uma ufaka i-network tap, ukubekwa okuqondile kubalulekile. Khetha indawo ehambisana nethrafikhi ofuna ukuyiqapha. Ukusetha okuvamile kuhilela ukubeka i-tap phakathi kweswishi ne-router. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuthatha wonke amaphakethe edatha ngaphandle kokuthinta ukugeleza. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-tap ingakwazi ukuphatha amazinga edatha enethiwekhi yakho. Ukuthepha kancane kungaba yisithiyo.

Ukucushwa kulandela indlela eqondile. Xhuma impompi usebenzisa izintambo ze-ethernet ezijwayelekile. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ama-port afanele okufaka nokukhipha. Ngokuvamile kunesidingo sokulungisa izilungiselelo ngokusekelwe kumathuluzi akho okuqapha. Lokhu kulungiswa kungafaka phakathi ukusetha izihlungi noma ukukhetha ukusakazwa kwedatha ethile. Amanye amadivayisi anamamenyu ayinkimbinkimbi. Zinike isikhathi sakho ukuhlola inketho ngayinye.

Ungase uhlangane nezinselele. Isibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi ukuthepha kungase kungayibambi yonke idatha njengoba kulindelekile. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezilungiselelo ezingahambisani noma ivolumu yethrafikhi. Uma ungayiboni imiphumela oyifunayo, hlola kabusha ukufakwa kwakho kanye nokucushwa. Cabanga ngokuthi ukuthepha kwakho kuyahambisana yini namakhono enethiwekhi bese wenza izinguquko ezidingekayo. Ukuhlola ukucushwa okuhlukene kungaholela ekusebenzeni okungcono.

Kuyini i-Network Tap futhi isebenza kanjani? - Ukufakwa Nokucushwa Kwe-Network Taps