Ukusikwa kwe-5G kanye nenethiwekhi
Uma kukhulunywa kakhulu nge-5G, i-Network Slicing ubuchwepheshe obuxoxwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Abaqhubi benethiwekhi abafana ne-KT, i-SK Telecom, i-China Mobile, i-DT, i-KDDI, i-NTT, kanye nabathengisi bemishini abafana ne-Ericsson, i-Nokia, kanye ne-Huawei bonke bakholelwa ukuthi i-Network Slicing iyindlela efanele yokwakha inethiwekhi yesikhathi se-5G.
Lobu buchwepheshe obusha buvumela opharetha ukuthi bahlukanise amanethiwekhi amaningi abonakalayo kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni engqalasizinda yehadiwe, futhi i-Network Slice ngayinye ihlukaniswe ngokunengqondo kudivayisi, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela, inethiwekhi yezokuthutha kanye nenethiwekhi eyinhloko ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezici ezahlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsizakalo.
Ku-Network Slice ngayinye, izinsiza ezizinikele ezifana namaseva abonakalayo, umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi, kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi kuqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele. Njengoba izingcezu zihlukaniswe, amaphutha noma ukwehluleka kwesingcezu esisodwa ngeke kuthinte ukuxhumana kwezinye izingcezu.
Kungani i-5G idinga ukunqunywa kwenethiwekhi?
Kusukela esikhathini esidlule kuze kube yinethiwekhi ye-4G yamanje, amanethiwekhi eselula asebenzela kakhulu omakhalekhukhwini, futhi ngokuvamile enza kuphela ukulungiswa okuthile kwamafoni eselula. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini se-5G, amanethiwekhi eselula adinga ukusebenzela amadivayisi ezinhlobo ezahlukene nezidingo. Izimo eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza ezishiwoyo zifaka phakathi i-broadband yeselula, i-iot enkulu, kanye ne-iot ebalulekile. Zonke zidinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi futhi zinezidingo ezahlukene ekuhambeni, ekubalweni kwezimali, ezokuphepha, ekulawulweni kwenqubomgomo, ukubambezeleka, ukuthembeka njalo njalo.
Isibonelo, isevisi enkulu ye-iot ixhumanisa izinzwa ezihleliwe ukukala izinga lokushisa, umswakama, imvula, njll. Asikho isidingo sokudluliselwa, izibuyekezo zendawo, kanye nezinye izici zamafoni akhonzayo ayinhloko kunethiwekhi yeselula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo ze-iot ezibalulekile njengokushayela okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokulawula kude kwamarobhothi zidinga ukubambezeleka kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni kwama-millisecond ambalwa, okuhluke kakhulu kumasevisi e-broadband yeselula.
Izimo Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza ze-5G
Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi sidinga inethiwekhi ezinikele yesevisi ngayinye? Isibonelo, eyodwa ihlinzeka ngamafoni eselula e-5G, enye ihlinzeka nge-5G enkulu kakhulu, kanti enye ihlinzeka nge-5G mission critical iot. Asidingi ukwenza kanjalo, ngoba singasebenzisa ukunqunywa kwenethiwekhi ukuhlukanisa amanethiwekhi amaningi anengqondo kunethiwekhi ehlukile ebonakalayo, okuyindlela engabizi kakhulu!
Izidingo Zesicelo Sokusika Inethiwekhi
Ingxenye yenethiwekhi ye-5G echazwe ephepheni elimhlophe le-5G elikhishwe yi-NGMN iboniswe ngezansi:
Siyisebenzisa kanjani i-Network Slicing kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni?
(1) Inethiwekhi yokufinyelela engenantambo ye-5G kanye nenethiwekhi eyinhloko: NFV
Kunethiwekhi yeselula yanamuhla, idivayisi eyinhloko yifoni ephathekayo. I-RAN(DU kanye ne-RU) kanye nemisebenzi eyinhloko yakhiwe ngemishini yenethiwekhi ezinikele enikezwa abathengisi be-RAN. Ukuze kuqaliswe ukunqunywa kwenethiwekhi, i-Network Function Virtualization (NFV) iyimfuneko. Ngokuyisisekelo, umqondo oyinhloko we-NFV ukufaka isofthiwe yomsebenzi wenethiwekhi (okungukuthi i-MME, i-S/P-GW kanye ne-PCRF ku-packet core kanye ne-DU ku-RAN) konke kumishini ebonakalayo kumaseva ezentengiselwano esikhundleni sokwahlukana kumadivayisi awo enethiwekhi azinikele. Ngale ndlela, i-RAN iphathwa njengefu eliseceleni, kuyilapho umsebenzi oyinhloko uphathwa njengefu eliseceleni. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-VMS okutholakala enqenqemeni kanye nasefwini eliseceleni kuhlelwe kusetshenziswa i-SDN. Ngemuva kwalokho, kudalwa i-slice yesevisi ngayinye (okungukuthi i-phone slice, i-massive iot slice, i-mission critical iot slice, njll.).
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani enye ye-Network Slicing(I)?
Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye oluqondene nesevisi lungafakwa kanjani ku-virtual futhi lufakwe ku-slice ngayinye. Isibonelo, ukuskena kungalungiswa kanje:
(1) Ukusikwa kwe-UHD: ukwenza i-DU ibe yi-virtualization, i-5G core (UP) kanye namaseva e-cache abe yi-virtualization efwini elingaseceleni, kanye nokwenza i-5G core (CP) kanye namaseva e-MVO abe yi-virtualization efwini elingaseceleni
(2) Ukusikwa kwefoni: ukwenza ama-cores angu-5G (UP kanye ne-CP) kanye namaseva e-IMS abe yi-virtual ngamakhono aphelele okuhamba efwini eliyinhloko
(3) Ukusikwa kwe-iot okukhulu (isb., amanethiwekhi ezinzwa): Ukwenza i-core ye-5G ibe yi-virtual elula nelula efwini eliyinhloko akunawo amandla okuphatha ukuhamba.
(4) Ukusikwa kwe-iot okubalulekile: Ukwenza ama-cores angu-5G (UP) abe yi-Virtualization kanye namaseva ahlobene (isb., amaseva e-V2X) efwini eliseceleni ukuze kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka kokudlulisela
Kuze kube manje, sidinga ukudala izingcezu ezizinikele zezinsizakalo ezinezidingo ezahlukene. Futhi imisebenzi yenethiwekhi ebonakalayo ibekwa ezindaweni ezahlukene kusilayi ngasinye (okungukuthi, ifu lomphetho noma ifu eliyinhloko) ngokwezici zesevisi ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imisebenzi yenethiwekhi, njengokukhokhisa, ukulawula inqubomgomo, njll., ingadingeka kwezinye izingcezu, kodwa hhayi kwezinye. Abaqhubi bangenza ngokwezifiso ukunqunywa kwenethiwekhi ngendlela abayifunayo, futhi mhlawumbe indlela engabizi kakhulu.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani enye ye-Network Slicing(I)?
(2) Ukusikwa kwenethiwekhi phakathi komphetho nefu eliyinhloko: IP/MPLS-SDN
Ukuxhumana okuchazwe yisofthiwe, nakuba kwakuwumqondo olula lapho kwethulwa okokuqala, kuya ngokuya kuba yinkimbinkimbi. Ngokusebenzisa isimo se-Overlay njengesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-SDN bunganikeza uxhumano lwenethiwekhi phakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo engqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ekhona.
Ukusikwa Kwenethiwekhi Kusukela Ekugcineni Kuya Ekugcineni
Okokuqala, sibheka indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi phakathi kwefu eliseceleni kanye nemishini ebonakalayo yefu eliyinhloko kuphephile. Inethiwekhi phakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo idinga ukusetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ku-IP/MPLS-SDN kanye ne-Transport SDN. Kuleli phepha, sigxila ku-IP/MPLS-SDN enikezwa abathengisi be-router. I-Ericsson kanye ne-Juniper zombili zinikeza imikhiqizo yokwakha inethiwekhi ye-IP/MPLS SDN. Imisebenzi ihlukile kancane, kodwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-VMS esekelwe ku-SDN kufana kakhulu.
Efwini eliyinhloko kukhona amaseva e-virtualized. Ku-hypervisor yeseva, sebenzisa i-vRouter/vSwitch eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Isilawuli se-SDN sinikeza ukucushwa komhubhe phakathi kweseva e-virtualized kanye ne-DC G/W router (i-PE router edala i-MPLS L3 VPN esikhungweni sedatha samafu). Dala imigudu ye-SDN (okungukuthi i-MPLS GRE noma i-VXLAN) phakathi komshini ngamunye obonakalayo (isb. i-5G IoT core) kanye nama-DC G/W routers efwini eliyinhloko.
Isilawuli se-SDN sibe sesiphatha ukumepha phakathi kwale migudu kanye ne-MPLS L3 VPN, njenge-IoT VPN. Inqubo iyafana efwini lomphetho, idala isilayidi se-iot esixhunywe kusuka efwini lomphetho kuya emgogodleni we-IP/MPLS kanye nefu eliyinhloko. Le nqubo ingasetshenziswa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe kanye nezindinganiso ezivuthiwe futhi ezitholakalayo kuze kube manje.
(3) Ukusikwa kwenethiwekhi phakathi komphetho nefu eliyinhloko: IP/MPLS-SDN
Okusele manje inethiwekhi yeselula ye-fronthawall. Singayinqamula kanjani le nethiwekhi yeselula ye-fronthold phakathi kwefu lomphetho kanye ne-5G RU? Okokuqala, inethiwekhi ye-front-haul ye-5G kumele ichazwe kuqala. Kunezinketho ezithile ezixoxwa ngazo (isb., ukwethula inethiwekhi entsha ye-forward esekelwe ephaketheni ngokuchaza kabusha ukusebenza kwe-DU kanye ne-RU), kodwa akukho ncazelo ejwayelekile eyenziwe okwamanje. Lesi sibalo esilandelayo siyidayagramu evezwe eqenjini elisebenzayo le-ITU IMT 2020 futhi sinikeza isibonelo senethiwekhi ye-fronhaul evirtualized.
Isibonelo sokusikwa kwenethiwekhi ye-5G C-RAN yi-ITU Organization
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-02-2024
