Kungani i-5G idinga i-Network Slicing, isetshenziswa kanjani i-5G Network Slicing?

I-5G kanye ne-Network Slicing
Uma kukhulunywa nge-5G kabanzi, I-Network Slicing ubuchwepheshe okuxoxwa ngayo kakhulu phakathi kwabo.Ama-opharetha enethiwekhi afana ne-KT, i-SK Telecom, i-China Mobile, i-DT, i-KDDI, i-NTT, nabathengisi bezinto zokusebenza abafana no-Ericsson, i-Nokia, ne-Huawei bonke bakholelwa ukuthi i-Network Slicing iwukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi okufanelekile kwenkathi ye-5G.
Lobu buchwepheshe obusha buvumela ama-opharetha ukuthi ahlukanise amanethiwekhi amaningi abonakalayo okuphela-kuya-ekupheleni kungqalasizinda yehadiwe, futhi I-Network Slice ngayinye ihlukaniswa ngokunengqondo kusukela kudivayisi, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela, inethiwekhi yezokuthutha kanye nenethiwekhi eyinhloko ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezici ezihlukene zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinsizakalo.
Ocezu Lwenethiwekhi ngayinye, izinsiza ezinikelwe njengamaseva abonakalayo, umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi, kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi kuqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele.Njengoba izingcezu zihlukanisiwe komunye nomunye, amaphutha noma ukwehluleka kucezu olulodwa ngeke kuthinte ukuxhumana kwezinye izingcezu.

Kungani i-5G idinga i-Network Slicing?
Kusukela esikhathini esidlule kuya kunethiwekhi yamanje ye-4G, amanethiwekhi omakhalekhukhwini ikakhulukazi anikezela ngomakhalekhukhwini, futhi ngokuvamile enza ukulungiselelwa okuthile komakhalekhukhwini kuphela.Kodwa-ke, esikhathini se-5G, amanethiwekhi eselula adinga ukuhlinzeka ngamadivaysi ezinhlobo nezidingo ezahlukahlukene.Izimo eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza ezishiwo zifaka i-broadband yeselula, i-iot yesikali esikhulu, kanye ne-iot-critical iot.Bonke badinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi futhi banezidingo ezihlukene ekuhambeni, ukubalwa kwezimali, ukuphepha, ukulawulwa kwenqubomgomo, ukubambezeleka, ukwethembeka nokunye.
Isibonelo, isevisi ye-iot yezinga elikhulu ixhuma izinzwa ezigxilile ukukala izinga lokushisa, umswakama, imvula, njll. Asikho isidingo sokunikezwa, izibuyekezo zendawo, nezinye izici zamafoni anikezelayo amakhulu kunethiwekhi yeselula.Ukwengeza, izinsiza ze-iot ezibaluleke kakhulu kumgomo ezifana nokushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo nokulawula kude kwamarobhothi zidinga ukubambezeleka kokuphela ukuya ekupheleni kwama-millisecond ambalwa, okuhluke kakhulu kumasevisi e-broadband eselula.

Izimo Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko ze-5G
Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi sidinga inethiwekhi ezinikele yesevisi ngayinye?Isibonelo, enye isebenzela izingcingo eziphathwayo ze-5G, enye isebenzela i-iot enkulu ye-5G, kanti enye isebenzela i-5G mission critical iot.Asidingi, ngoba singasebenzisa ukusika inethiwekhi ukuze sihlukanise amanethiwekhi amaningi anengqondo kunethiwekhi ehlukile yomzimba, okuyindlela engabizi kakhulu!

Izidingo Zohlelo Lokusebenza Lokusika Kwenethiwekhi
Ucezu lwenethiwekhi ye-5G oluchazwe ephepheni elimhlophe le-5G elikhishwe yi-NGMN liboniswa ngezansi:

Sikusebenzisa kanjani i-end-to-end Network Slicing?
(1)Inethiwekhi yokufinyelela okungenantambo ye-5G nenethiwekhi ewumgogodla: NFV
Kunethiwekhi yeselula yanamuhla, idivayisi eyinhloko iselula.I-RAN(DU ne-RU) kanye nemisebenzi esemqoka yakhiwe ngezinto zokusebenza zenethiwekhi ezizinikele ezinikezwe abathengisi be-RAN.Ukuze usebenzise ukusika kwenethiwekhi, i-Network Function Virtualization (NFV) iyimfuneko.Empeleni, umqondo oyinhloko we-NFV ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokusebenza kwenethiwekhi (okungukuthi i-MME, i-S/P-GW ne-PCRF kungqikithi yephakethe kanye ne-DU ku-RAN) konke emishinini ebonakalayo kumaseva ezentengiso esikhundleni sokuhlukanisa ngokuhlukene ekuzinikeleni kwabo. amadivaysi enethiwekhi.Ngale ndlela, i-RAN iphathwa njengefu eliwunqenqema, kuyilapho umsebenzi oyinhloko uphathwa njengefu eliwumgogodla.Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-VMS etholakala onqenqemeni nasefwini eliwumgogodla kulungiselelwa kusetshenziswa i-SDN.Bese, ucezu lwenzelwa isevisi ngayinye (okungukuthi ucezu lwefoni, ucezu olukhulu lwe-iot, ucezu olubalulekile lwe-iot, njll.).

 

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani enye ye-Network Slicing(I)?
Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye oluqondene nesevisi lungenziwa kanjani lubonakale futhi lufakwe esiqeshini ngasinye.Isibonelo, ukusika kungahlelwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
(1)Ukusika kwe-UHD: ukwenza i-DU, i-5G core (UP) namaseva enqolobane emafini asemaphethelweni, kanye nokwenza i-5G core (CP) kanye namaseva e-MVO abe yi-virtualing efwini eliwumgogodla.
(2) Ukusika ifoni: ukwenza ama-cores e-5G (UP ne-CP) abe yi-virtualing (UP ne-CP) namaseva e-IMS anamandla okuhamba agcwele efwini elingumongo.
(3) Ukusika i-iot yezinga elikhulu (isb., amanethiwekhi ezinzwa) : Ukwenza ngokoqobo umgogodla we-5G olula futhi ongasindi emafini ayinhloko akunawo amandla okuphatha ukuhamba
(4) Ukusika i-iot okubalulekile: I-Virtualizing 5G cores (UP) kanye namaseva ahlobene (isb, amaseva e-V2X) emafini asemaphethelweni ukuze kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka kokudlulisela
Kuze kube manje, sidinga ukudala izingcezu ezizinikele zamasevisi anezidingo ezahlukene.Futhi imisebenzi yenethiwekhi ebonakalayo ibekwe ezindaweni ezihlukene ocezwini ngalunye (okungukuthi, ifu eliwunqenqema noma ifu eliwumgogodla) ngokuya ngezici zesevisi ezihlukene.Ukwengeza, eminye imisebenzi yenethiwekhi, njengokukhokhisa, ukulawula inqubomgomo, njll., kungase kudingeke kwezinye izingcezu, kodwa hhayi kwezinye.Ama-opharetha angakwazi ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukusika inethiwekhi ngendlela abayifunayo, futhi mhlawumbe indlela eyonga kakhulu.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani enye ye-Network Slicing(I)?
(2) Ukusika inethiwekhi phakathi konqenqema nefu eliwumgogodla: IP/MPLS-SDN
I-Software echazwe inethiwekhi, nakuba umqondo olula ngenkathi yethulwa okokuqala, iya ngokuya iba yinkimbinkimbi.Sithatha uhlobo lwe-Overlay njengesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-SDN bungahlinzeka ngoxhumano lwenethiwekhi phakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo kungqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ekhona.

Ukusika kwenethiwekhi ekugcineni kuya ekupheleni
Okokuqala, sibheka indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano lwenethiwekhi phakathi kwefu eliwunqenqema kanye nemishini ye-virtual cloud virtual ivikelekile.Inethiwekhi phakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo idinga ukusetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ku-IP/MPLS-SDN kanye ne-Transport SDN.Kuleli phepha, sigxile ku-IP/MPLS-SDN ehlinzekwa ngabathengisi be-router.U-Ericsson noJuniper bobabili banikela ngemikhiqizo yenethiwekhi ye-IP/MPLS SDN.Imisebenzi ihluke kancane, kodwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-SDN-based VMS kufana kakhulu.
Efwini eliwumongo kukhona amaseva enziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo.Ku-hypervisor yeseva, sebenzisa i-vRouter/vSwitch eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.Isilawuli se-SDN sihlinzeka ngokucushwa komhubhe phakathi kweseva eyenziwe ngokoqobo kanye nerutha ye-DC G/W (irutha ye-PE edala i-MPLS L3 VPN esikhungweni sedatha yamafu).Dala amathaneli e-SDN (okungukuthi i-MPLS GRE noma i-VXLAN) phakathi komshini ngamunye obonakalayo (isb. 5G IoT core) kanye namarutha e-DC G/W efwini eliyinhloko.
Isilawuli se-SDN sibe sesiphatha imephu phakathi kwala mahubhe kanye ne-MPLS L3 VPN, njenge-IoT VPN.Inqubo iyafana emafini asemaphethelweni, idala ucezu lwe-iot oluxhunywe kusukela efwini eliwunqenqema ukuya kumgogodla we-IP/MPLS kanye nayo yonke indlela eya efwini eliwumgogodla.Le nqubo ingasetshenziswa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe namazinga avuthiwe futhi atholakalayo kuze kube manje.
(3) Ukusika inethiwekhi phakathi konqenqema nefu eliwumgogodla: IP/MPLS-SDN
Okusele manje inethiwekhi ye-fronthawall yeselula.Siyinqamula kanjani le nethiwekhi ye-fronthold yeselula phakathi kwamafu asemaphethelweni kanye ne-5G RU?Okokuqala, inethiwekhi ye-5G ye-front-haul kufanele ichazwe kuqala.Kukhona ezinye izinketho ezixoxwayo (isb, ukwethula inethiwekhi entsha esekelwe ephaketheni phambili ngokuchaza kabusha ukusebenza kwe-DU ne-RU), kodwa akukho ncazelo ejwayelekile eyenziwe okwamanje.Isibalo esilandelayo siwumdwebo owethulwe eqenjini elisebenzayo le-ITU IMT 2020 futhi unikeza isibonelo senethiwekhi ye-fronhaul ebonakalayo.

Isibonelo se-5G C-RAN Network Slicing by ITU Organization